Quantitative Analysis of Retinal Thickness and Blood Flow Changes Using SS-OCTA in Patients with Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy After Pars plana vitrectomy Combined with Treatment.
Abstract
Purpose
Based on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), we investigate the effects of Pars plana vitrectomy Combined with Treatment on retinal thickness and blood perfusion in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
Methods
Retrospective clinical study.Forty patients (40 eyes) diagnosed with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) who underwent primary 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy (25G PPV) at our hospital between January 2023 and January 2026 were enrolled. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) was performed preoperatively and at 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively to measure central macular thickness (CMT), superficial capillary plexus vessel density (SCP), deep capillary plexus vessel density (DCP), and the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and postoperative complications were also recorded, and changes in all parameters before and after treatment were compared.
Results
A total of 40 patients (40 eyes) were enrolled, including 21 males (21 eyes) and 19 females (19 eyes), with a mean age of (52.65±12.91) years. The mean duration of diabetes was (10.47±6.81) years, and the baseline glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level was (7.68%±1.34) %. At the final follow-up, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improved significantly (P < 0.001), central macular thickness (CMT) decreased significantly, and macular edema was alleviated, showing statistically significant differences compared with preoperative values (P < 0.001). The vessel density of the superficial capillary plexus in the foveal and nasal regions was significantly improved, with a significant difference compared with the preoperative status (P < 0.05). No statistically significant differences were found in the remaining parameters ( P > 0.05).
Conclusion
The study found that in eyes with PDR following Pars plana vitrectomy Combined with Treatment, visual acuity improved and macular edema resolved. In addition to relieving vitreous traction and clearing opacified refractive media, PPV also promoted partial recovery of the superficial retinal microcirculation. However, the perfusion status of the deep capillary plexus and the architecture of the FAZ may remain relatively stable in the short term after surgery.