ASPEK YURIDIS DALAM PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP ADVOKAT YANG MENJALANKAN PROFESINYA BERDASARKAN UU No. 18 TAHUN 2003 TENTANG ADVOKAT

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of supervision and law enforcement by the Belawan Main Harbor Master and Port Authority Office (KSOP) over the movement of goods and people in port areas, from the perspective of administrative law and international maritime security standards. The research adopts a normative and empirical legal approach, utilizing secondary data from statutory regulations and primary data from structured interviews with KSOP officials and field observations. The findings reveal that, normatively, the legal foundation for KSOP’s oversight functions is well established through national legislation (Law No. 17 of 2008) and international instruments (ISPS Code). However, implementation remains largely administrative, non-risk-based, and lacking in technological support and systematic evaluation. Discretionary authority is exercised without standardized procedures or internal oversight, creating legal uncertainty and potential for abuse. Furthermore, inter-agency coordination in maritime law enforcement remains fragmented, with no unified command structure or clear mechanism for case escalation. These conditions have serious legal implications: the erosion of legal certainty, increased administrative impunity, and the weakening of KSOP’s position as a state authority in maritime governance. Institutional reform is therefore essential, including the establishment of inter-agency SOPs, administrative discretion protocols, and a performance evaluation system grounded in accountability and data. This study recommends repositioning KSOP as not merely an administrative body, but a substantively integrated maritime supervisory institution.