Investigating Lagged County-Level Associations Between Agricultural Pesticide Application and Parkinson’s Disease Mortality in the Conterminous United States

Residential pesticide exposure, mortality risk, and the potential mediating role of urinary metabolites: evidence from a nationally representative cohort

Spatiotemporal dynamics and climate correlates of Parkinson disease mortality among older U.S. adults: national trends and forecasts to 2035

Climate associations were regional and largely attenuated after multiplicity correction, supporting cautious, hypothesis-generating interpretation, and forecasts suggested a continued rise but showed limited long-horizon calibration.

County-level pesticide use and risk of congenital anomalies: a retrospective population-based study in Nebraska (1992 – 2014)

The authors' findings suggest distinct patterns of joint associations for birth defects, providing further evidence of the effects of pesticide mixtures, and future research should prioritize individual-level studies to validate and extend these ecological associations.

Long-term cumulative associations of annual air pollution exposure and hospitalization with Parkinson’s Disease

Air pollution at least 4 years before hospitalization may increase the odds of hospitalization with Parkinson’s Disease, and reducing air pollution exposure may have long-term effects on PD prevention.

Atmospheric Exposures and Cardiovascular Mortality in United States Counties: Formaldehyde and Wet-Bulb Temperature as Leading Predictors

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality in the United States, yet the role of atmospheric exposures as independent predictors of county-level CVD mortality remains poorly characterized. We integrated satellite-derived atmospheric data alongside socioeconomic, demographic, and livestock predictors across 24,487 county-year observations in the contiguous United States (2012–2019) and applied an XGBoost model with SHAP-based interpretability to identify the leading predictors of county-level CVD mortality (Test R2 = 0.706, RMSE = 29.55 per 100,000 persons). Four of the top ten predictors came from CAMS/ERA5. Ambient formaldehyde exposure frequency ranked second among all 43 predictors, exceeded only by educational attainment and surpassing poverty rate. Wet-bulb temperature ranked third, Leaf Area Index for High Vegetation ranked seventh, and sulphate aerosol mixing ratio ranked eighth. These variables added county-level prediction information beyond socioeconomic covariates. Integrating atmospheric exposure monitoring into county-level CVD surveillance alongside socioeconomic indicators may improve the identification of high-risk geographies.

Long-Term Ambient PM2.5 Exposure and Premature Mortality Across of Türkiye

Long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is the leading environmental risk factor for premature mortality worldwide, yet comprehensive province-level evidence quantifying its health burden across Türkiye remains limited. This study investigated the spatial relationship between long-term PM2.5 exposure and all-cause attributable mortality across all 81 Turkish provinces in 2022 using province-level annual mean PM2.5 concentrations and World Health Organisation (WHO) AirQ+ estimates of PM2.5-attributable deaths among adults aged ≥30 years, assuming a counterfactual concentration of 5 µg/m3. The association between PM2.5 exposure and mortality was evaluated using Pearson and Spearman correlation analyses, ordinary least squares (OLS) regression, a log–log elasticity model, and population-weighted regional and exposure-quartile comparisons, while national temporal indicators for 2010–2023 were reported solely as supplementary context for the primary single-year 2022 cross-sectional analysis. The population-weighted annual mean PM2.5 concentration was 27.0 µg/m3, exceeding the WHO Air Quality Guideline by a factor of 5.4, and all 81 provinces exceeded the recommended threshold. The bivariate OLS model accounted for 41% of the between-province variation in attributable mortality rates (OLS slope = 3.23 additional deaths per 100,000 population for each 1 µg/m3 increase in PM2.5; 95% CI: 2.37–4.10; R2 = 0.41; p < 0.001), while the log–log elasticity model indicated that a 1% increase in PM2.5 concentration was associated with a 0.80% increase in the attributable mortality rate (95% CI: 0.65–0.95). The attributable fraction of natural-cause mortality increased progressively from 8.8% in the lowest exposure quartile to 24.6% in the highest. Nationwide, an estimated 68,440 premature deaths, representing 14.2% of all natural-cause deaths among adults aged ≥30 years, were attributable to PM2.5 exposure. These findings quantify a steep, spatially graded PM2.5-attributable mortality burden across Türkiye. As the attributable estimates derive from the WHO AirQ+ concentration–response function, the gradient describes the magnitude and spatial distribution of the modelled burden rather than an independently estimated exposure–response relationship, and on that basis the results support the adoption of WHO-aligned air-quality standards and accelerated decarbonization strategies to reduce the national health burden attributable to ambient air pollution.