Integration philosophy of science and transcendental philosophy in context of philosophical thought: A literature review on phenomenon of ecotourism and preservation of local values

Abstract

Background: The interaction between modernization and local wisdom in Indonesia has brought attention to ecotourism as a site where scientific rationality meets cultural and transcendental values. Sade Village in West Nusa Tenggara represents a unique case where traditional values are preserved amid tourism development. Methods: This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach combined with a literature review. Data are collected from philosophical texts, ethnographic studies, cultural research, and relevant academic literature to examine the integration of the Philosophy of Science and Transcendental Philosophy in understanding ecotourism and the preservation of local values. The data are analyzed descriptively and interpretively to identify key concepts and relationships relevant to the research objectives. Findings: The analysis shows that combining the Philosophy of Science and Transcendental Philosophy offers a comprehensive framework for interpreting ecotourism not only as an economic activity but also as a moral and spiritual practice. In Sade Village, traditional values such as harmony with nature, collective identity, and respect for sacred spaces coexist with rational approaches to sustainable tourism management. Conclusion: Integrating these philosophical perspectives provides a conceptual basis for promoting sustainable cultural development, bridging empirical knowledge with transcendental awareness. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study contributes an interdisciplinary approach that combines epistemology and cultural hermeneutics, offering a fresh perspective on ecotourism as a living manifestation of the unity between knowledge, ethics, and spirituality in Indonesian local contexts.