Battery-electric rail vehicles are a sustainable alternative for diesel-powered vehicles on tracks without catenary. However, the energy demand to heat and cool the cabin limits the vehicle range, and the applied synthetic refrigerants are environmentally harmful. Therefore, this paper studies how energy demand and loa...
Electric vehicles (EVs) have become an essential component of the global drive towards sustainable development due to their low carbon emissions and high efficiency, increasing demands for reliable thermal-electrical safety in lithium-ion Power Battery Packs. However, traditional single-point thermistor sensing cannot...
This study investigates the performance, energy flow, efficiency, and environmental impact of a C-segment battery electric vehicle (BEV). As BEVs are increasingly considered a sustainable alternative to conventional internal combustion engine vehicles, a detailed understanding of their energy utilization and operationa...
: To address the cooling and preheating requirements of traction batteries in pure electric vehicles, this study proposes an integrated thermal management system coupling the refrigerant, battery, cabin heating, and motor/power-electronics cooling circuits. The system enables indirect natural cooling, chiller-assisted...
As new energy vehicles develop toward higher energy density, higher power output, ultra-fast charging, and operation over a wide temperature range, thermal management has become a critical factor affecting vehicle safety, service life, driving range, and overall vehicle efficiency. This paper systematically reviews the...
Battery electric vehicles are central to the transition toward sustainable road transport, yet their widespread adoption remains constrained by limited driving range and the cost, mass, and environmental burden associated with larger battery packs. Improving powertrain energy efficiency offers an alternative route to e...
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