Knowledge, Attitudes, and Livelihood Dependence: Socio-Ecological Drivers of Marine Conservation Support in Coastal Rivers State, Nigeria

Abstract

Marine conservation is crucial for sustaining coastal livelihoods, yet community support often depends on local knowledge and the perceived value of marine resources. This study examined the relationship between knowledge of marine conservation, attitudes toward sustainable practices, and livelihood dependence among coastal communities in Rivers State, Nigeria. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 413 respondents selected through stratified random sampling from 11 coastal Local Government Areas. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and linear regression. Results showed that while 78.7% of respondents had heard of marine conservation, self-rated knowledge was low to moderate (mean = 2.7/5) and 70.7% had received no formal training. Attitudes were generally positive (85.5% agreed sustainable practices are important), but only 52.0% were willing to adopt practices that reduce short-term income. The central hypothesis was confirmed: livelihood dependence on marine resources was positively correlated with support for community-based conservation (r = 0.39, p < 0.001). Regression analysis showed that dependence significantly predicted conservation support (β = 0.29, p < 0.001), even after controlling for education. These findings indicate that resource-dependent households are more motivated to support conservation, but knowledge gaps and economic vulnerability remain barriers. Policy interventions should combine targeted education, short-term income support, and inclusive co-management to translate positive attitudes into sustained conservation behaviour. The study contributes empirical evidence from a data-sparse region and reinforces global calls for livelihood-sensitive marine governance.