Advancing Clinical Genomic Analysis with a Skill-Centred Agent
TL;DR
Clinical genomic analysis requires experts to integrate evolving guidelines, databases, and computational evidence to augment specialist genomic interpretation, and ClinGeX, a large-language-model agent that composes 105 curated executable skills through task-specific retrieval and dependency-aware orchestration, is developed.
Abstract
Clinical genomic analysis requires experts to integrate evolving guidelines, databases, and computational evidence. As sequencing has become increasingly accessible, this complex and labor-intensive process has become a major bottleneck to the timely use of genomic information in clinical decision-making. To fill this gap, we developed ClinGeX, a large-language-model agent that composes 105 curated executable skills through task-specific retrieval and dependency-aware orchestration. On 223 temporally held-out benchmark cases, ClinGeX achieved 71.7\% macro-averaged task-level concordance with expert reference classifications, compared with 45.7\% for the strongest comparator. In a three-condition, counterbalanced human-AI collaboration study, 45 clinical genomic professionals assessed 135 clinically derived cases under routine (no AI assistance), DeepSeek-assisted and ClinGeX-assisted conditions. ClinGeX assistance increased raw case-level concordance across criterion-level variant analysis, genomic interpretation in rare disease and molecular oncology decision-making (51.1\%, 57.8\%, 64.4\% versus 15.6\%, 31.1\%, 20.0\% in comparator conditions) and reduced reported interpretation time in all scenarios. During an exploratory one-month real-world non-interventional assessment, 11 experienced professionals submitted feedback on 96 self-selected analysis episodes and reported frequent conclusion adoption and time savings. These findings support executable domain skills as a promising approach to augment specialist genomic interpretation.
