Automatic Generation Control Optimization of an Isolated Power System Including Renewable Energy Penetration

Abstract

This paper presents an enhanced version of controllers of frequency and voltage of an isolated power system. The optimal tuning includes the load‐frequency control system integrator loop, the governor, and the automatic voltage regulator that includes the PID parameters and amplifier gain. With such parameters, two objective functions shall be minimized, which are the frequency deviation and voltage deviation. Modern power systems embed renewable energy sources in generation and/or demand sides. Therefore, two real‐life signals of wind and photovoltaic power sources have been included as external disturbances affecting the main quality variables, the frequency and voltage, of the conventional thermal unit. With such assumptions, the problem of load‐frequency control (LFC) and automatic voltage regulator (AVR) becomes more challenging since the power system is assumed to be isolated and without interconnection to release the excess renewable energies to neighboring regions. In addition, it is rare in the literature to include the LFC and AVR in the same system model and that was based on little coupling sensitivity between AVR and LFC. With all these considerations, an optimization problem has been successfully solved via two metaheuristic optimizers, the political optimizer (PO) and Gray‐Wolf Optimizer (GWO). The improvements have been notable by dynamic simulations over sufficient time to allow abrupt system conditions. There are also some remarkable differences between PO and GWO that have been discovered and reported during research.