TPTh 9.06 Magnesium Intake and the Risk of Pancreatic Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Pancreatic cancer has a poor prognosis and limited preventive strategies. Magnesium is a biologically important micronutrient involved in metabolic regulation, genomic stability, and inflammation, but evidence linking magnesium intake to pancreatic cancer risk is inconsistent. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the association between dietary magnesium intake and pancreatic cancer risk. A systematic search of major electronic databases was conducted from inception to September 2025 in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Prospective cohort and case–control studies assessing dietary magnesium intake and pancreatic cancer risk were included. Summary relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) comparing highest versus lowest intake categories were pooled using random-effects models. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I² statistic. Subgroup, sensitivity, and publication bias analyses were performed. Study quality was evaluated using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Nine observational studies (four cohort and five case–control) were included, comprising over 650,000 participants and approximately 2,400 pancreatic cancer cases. Higher magnesium intake was associated with a significantly lower risk of pancreatic cancer (pooled RR = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.45–0.85). Heterogeneity was substantial (I² = 74%), with stronger associations observed in case–control studies. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the findings, and no significant publication bias was detected. Higher dietary magnesium intake is associated with a reduced risk of pancreatic cancer. Although heterogeneity and potential biases warrant cautious interpretation, these findings support a possible protective role for magnesium and highlight the need for further large prospective studies.