A high‐quality haplotype‐resolved genome of Pyrus calleryana provides insights into adaptive gene families

Abstract

Abstract Callery pear (Pyrus calleryana) is a deciduous species native to East Asia with notable ornamental and ecological value, but the genomic resources for this species remain limited. Here, we report the first haplotype‐resolved, chromosome‐scale genome of P. calleryana. The final genome assembly comprises two phased haplotypes measuring 506.97 and 504.62 Mb. These haplotypes contain 41,234 and 41,329 predicted protein‐coding genes, respectively, with more than 97% of the genes receiving functional annotations. Comparative genomic analyses further identified 680 species‐specific orthogroups enriched in hormone signaling, metabolic processes, and stress‐responsive pathways, among which several LIK1‐like genes may contribute to environmental adaptation. This high‐quality genome assembly offers an essential foundation for subsequent studies on the ecological adaptability, invasiveness, and functional genomics of P. calleryana.