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The incorporation of interculturality in the training of health professionals: a systematic review

Nov 2026 · South American Research Journal
Cultural Competency in Health Care

Abstract

ABSTRACT The training of health professionals has developed under the predominance of a biomedical rationality that tends to exclude traditional, indigenous, and community-based medical knowledge, despite the growing cultural diversity of Latin American societies. This systematic review aimed to analyze the available empirical evidence on the incorporation of interculturality into the curricula of university health science programs, in order to identify the main strengths, weaknesses, and training gaps reported in the literature, as well as the pedagogical and curricular strategies proposed to strengthen and implement it. Following the PRISMA 2020 statement and the eligibility criteria of the PICO model, a search was conducted in Scopus, Dialnet, Redalyc, LILACS, and SciELO, yielding a final sample of 27 studies reporting primary empirical data, published between 2020 and 2025. The results, organized through a narrative synthesis into four thematic categories, showed that interculturality has been incorporated predominantly in a declarative manner into institutional normative frameworks, but in most cases has not translated into an effective transformation of curricular content. Transversal and sustained training experiences were also identified, along with moderate levels of intercultural competence and sensitivity among students and faculty, and persistent structural barriers to care for indigenous, migrant, and Afro-descendant populations. The review concludes that a critical and effective curricular transformation toward interculturality requires strategies that go beyond the declarative incorporation of isolated content, moving instead toward cross-cutting curricular structures developed in direct dialogue with communities. RESUMEN La formación de profesionales de la salud se ha desarrollado bajo el predominio de una racionalidad biomédica que tiende a excluir los saberes médicos tradicionales, indígenas y comunitarios, pese a la creciente diversidad cultural de las sociedades latinoamericanas. El objetivo de esta revisión sistemática fue analizar la evidencia empírica disponible sobre la incorporación de la interculturalidad en el currículo de carreras universitarias del área de la salud, para identificar las principales fortalezas, debilidades y vacíos formativos reportados en la literatura, así como las estrategias pedagógicas y curriculares propuestas para su fortalecimiento. Siguiendo la declaración PRISMA 2020 y los criterios de elegibilidad del modelo PICO, se realizó una búsqueda en Scopus, Dialnet, Redalyc, LILACS y SciELO, que arrojó 27 estudios con datos empíricos primarios, publicados entre 2020 y 2025. Los resultados, organizados mediante síntesis narrativa en cuatro categorías temáticas, evidenciaron que la interculturalidad ha sido incorporada de manera predominantemente declarativa en los marcos normativos institucionales, sin traducirse, en la mayoría de los casos, en una transformación efectiva de los contenidos curriculares; asimismo, se identificaron experiencias formativas transversales y sostenidas en el tiempo, niveles moderados de competencia y sensibilidad intercultural en estudiantes y docentes, sin embargo, barreras estructurales persistentes en la atención a poblaciones indígenas, migrantes y afrodescendientes. Se concluye que la transformación curricular hacia una interculturalidad crítica y efectiva requiere estrategias que trasciendan la incorporación declarativa de contenidos puntuales, y se orienten hacia dispositivos curriculares transversales construidos en diálogo directo con las comunidades.

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