Modulation of Aedes Midgut Microbiota by Dengue Virus Serotypes: A Review of Host-Pathogen-Microbiome Interactions

Abstract

The Aedes aegypti midgut microbiota serves as a critical determinant of vector competence, modulating immune and metabolic responses to Dengue virus (DENV). Viral infection precipitates distinct ecological shifts within this environment, challenging the stability of the bacterial “core” against blood-meal induced dysbiosis. These microbial dynamics are shaped by a complex interplay between viral serotypes, time post-infection, mosquito physiological status, blood-meal source, and experimental conditions. While the basal core often persists, specific bacterial families have been reported to show serotype-associated fluctuations and may represent candidate correlates of viral susceptibility or resistance. Elucidating these host-pathogen-microbiome interactions is essential for defining biological barriers to transmission. This narrative review synthesizes current evidence on the modulation of the mosquito microbiome by DENV serotypes 1-4, highlighting ecological nuances and identifying bacterial taxa and mechanisms that warrant further investigation as potential targets for microbiome-based vector control.