Adaptive BB84 Quantum Key Distribution Framework: A Comprehensive Implementation and Analysis Platform

Abstract

With the rapid development of quantum computing, traditional encryption techniques are expected to face serious security challenges in the near future. By depending on the principles of quantum physics rather than computing complexity, Quantum Key Distribution (QKD), and specifically the BB84 protocol, provides a radically new method of secure communication. In this project, an adaptive BB84-based framework is implemented and analyzed under realistic conditions, including channel noise and multiple eavesdropping strategies. The system integrates error correction, privacy amplification, finite-key analysis, and decoy-state mechanisms to reflect practical deployment scenarios. Three major attack models—intercept-resend, photon number splitting, and Trojan horse—are simulated to evaluate protocol robustness. The experimental results show that during normal communication the average Quantum Bit Error Rate (QBER) remains close to 3–4%, whereas the presence of active eavesdropping increases the QBER beyond the commonly accepted 11% threshold, resulting in protocol termination. Additional statistical testing under varying noise conditions confirms stable secret key generation and reliable detection of malicious interference. Overall, the proposed framework serves as a comprehensive simulation platform for studying the security behavior of BB84 in controlled experimental environments.