The impact of diet quality and supplement use on fatigue, sleep, and quality of life in adults: A cross-sectional study.

Abstract

BackgroundPoor diet quality and fatigue adversely affect daily functioning and quality of life.AimThe present study explored associations between dietary patterns, sleep quality, and fatigue, with a focus on potential associations with supplement use.MethodsA cross-sectional study recruited 400 adults (276 females). Data were collected via a face-to-face survey using validated Arabic questionnaires.Summary35.5% of participants were aged 18-24 years, and the overall mean BMI was 25.9 ± 4.54 kg/m2. The average daily energy intake was 2057.5±563.9 kcal. Mean Food Group Diversity Score (FGDS) and Global Dietary Recommendations (GDR) scores were 3.25 ± 2.60 and 9.86 ± 2.25, respectively. Only 22.5% of participants reported taking vitamins and minerals. Supplement users had higher mean GDR scores than non-users (10.53 ± 2.38 vs. 9.66 ± 2.17). Overall, 40.9% of participants reported fairly good subjective sleep quality. Females reported a higher fatigue score than males (26.29 ± 19.17 vs. 16.96 ± 20.10, P< 0.001). FGDS was negatively associated with fatigue (β = -0.121, P = 0.028) among participants and positively associated with sleep quality score (β = 0.200, P = 0.009) among males. Also, GRD was positively and significantly associated with quality of life (β = 0.092, P = 0.031). Finally, poor sleep quality and fatigue were significant predictors of lower quality of life (β= -0.267, P< 0.001 vs. β = -0.427, P< 0.001). In conclusion, poor sleep quality and fatigue are highly prevalent among Jordanian adults, particularly women. Higher diet quality was associated with better sleep quality and quality of life, highlighting the potential role of dietary patterns as a modifiable lifestyle factor.