TEMPORAL TRENDS IN THE BURDEN OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE DUE TO HYPERTENSION IN BRAZIL, 2019-2023: A GLOBAL BURDEN OF DISEASE STUDY ANALYSIS

Abstract

Introdução: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains a major clinical relevance condition due to its elevated burden of morbidity, premature mortality and disability. In Brazil, the high prevalence of hypertension shows the importance of understanding population-level trends in hypertensive chronic kidney disease (H-CKD) to guide prevention and intervention strategies. Objetivo: This study aims to assess the trends in the burden of H-CKD among the brazilian adult population between 2019 and 2023., usisng estimated data from Global Burden of Disease Study 2023. Método: Time-series study, based on secondary data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023. Estimated data related to H-CKD were extracted for the brazilian population aged 20 years and older between 2019 and 2023. Incidence, prevalence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and mortality attributable to H-CKD were analyzed. A descriptive analysis of absolute numbers, percentages, and rates was performed and reported. Resultados: The burden of H-CKD increased among all the evaluated indicators during the study period. Incident cases increased from 58,882.75 (95% UI 53,950.95–64,632.35) in 2019 to 65,945.62 (60,253.76–72,745.95) in 2023, representing a 12.0% increase, while incidence rates rose from 39.55 to 42.79 per 100,000 population (+8.2%). Prevalent cases increased from 1,514,545.93 (1,403,486.59–1,618,166.51) to 1,673,168.14 (1,549,458.22–1,784,877.09), corresponding to a 10.5% increase, with prevalence rates increasing from 1,017.24 to 1,085.78 per 100,000 population (+6.7%). Mortality increased from 16,766.66 deaths (13,850.51–19,833.18) in 2019 to 18,977.74 deaths (15,556.20–22,363.60) in 2023 (+13.2%), whereas mortality rates increased from 11.26 to 12.32 per 100,000 population (+9.4%). Similarly, DALYs increased from 353,555.05 (299,058.40–420,304.37) to 393,397.53 (333,810.24–466,989.49), representing an 11.3% increase, while DALY rates rose from 237.47 to 255.29 per 100,000 population (+7.5%). Conclusão: During the study period, the burden of H-CKD increased substantially among the Brazilian adult population. The observed increase was consistent across all evaluated parameters (mortality, incidence, prevalence, and DALYs), demonstrating a persistent expansion in the burden of the disease. These findings suggest the need for precise and effective preventive and therapeutic interventions to curb H-CKD and its complications for both patients and the brazilian healthcare system.