Pneumococcal disease remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality among children under five years of age, particularly in settings with low vaccine coverage. In China, the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) is not included in the National Immunization Program (NIP), resulting in suboptimal uptake. This study evaluated the health and economic impact of including PCV13 in the immunization program in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.
Methods
A decision tree-Markov model was used to simulate a birth cohort of 420,000 children over a 5-year horizon from a societal perspective. The current self-paid vaccination strategy was compared with NIP inclusion. Outcomes included costs, cases, deaths, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs), and benefit-cost ratios (BCRs). Costs and outcomes were discounted at 3%. One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted.
Results
NIP inclusion increased vaccination coverage from 5900 to 417,019 children and was projected to prevent 77,042 cases and 327 deaths over 5 years. Despite higher vaccination costs, reduced disease burden resulted in a net economic benefit of USD 3.92 million (BCR: 1.03). The program generated an additional 25,702.2 QALYs, with an ICER of USD 6042.75 per QALY gained, below the per capita GDP threshold. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis showed that most simulations were below the willingness-to-pay threshold, with the probability of cost-effectiveness approaching 100%.
Conclusions
Including PCV13 in Guangxi's immunization program is highly cost-effective and likely to yield positive economic returns. These findings are robust and support policy decisions on PCV13 inclusion.
Vaccination of Russian people aged ≥60 years with PCV20 provides the greatest reduction in pneumococcal infection incidence and is highly cost-effective compared to PPV23 vaccination and is cost-effective compared to sequential PCV13/PPV23 vaccination.
A. V. Rudakova, S. Avdeev, L. Namazova-Baranova et al.· CARDIOVASCULAR THERAPY AND P...· 0 citations
PCV20 is a cost-saving alternative to the PCV13 → PPV23 sequence for at-risk adults in France and provides substantial public health gains and represents a highly cost-effective strategy relative to commonly cited French vaccine HTA benchmarks.
S. Fiévez, Mélanie Menara, E. Blanc et al.· BMC Public Health· 0 citations
Adult respiratory vaccinations in Sweden provide substantial value for the healthcare system, economy and society, with estimated benefits exceeding costs under modeled assumptions, may inform policy discussions on strategies to sustain or expand vaccination budget, improve access and increase uptake, particularly among at-risk populations.
E. Tunnicliffe, Matthew Napier, C. Theakston et al.· Expert Review of Vaccines· 0 citations
Moving from universal birth-dose vaccination to SCDM was projected to reduce timely vaccination and increase preventable infections across all scenarios and the societal-cost conclusion hinged on whether SCDM imposed counseling-time burden at scale, whereas the unfavorable health-effect direction was robust.
Y. T. Yang· Journal of Medical Economics· 0 citations
Introducing TCV into Indonesia's NIP is projected to be very cost-effective, and adding a catch-up campaign is an optimal strategy with greater public health impact while remaining very cost-effective.
J. Haposan, J. A. Thobari, Emma Watts et al.· Vaccine· 0 citations
Background: Implementation delays reduce population-level effects of evidence-based interventions. We conducted a modeling study to estimate the effect of priority policy decisions on a human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination program in Kenya. Methods: We used a static cohort model to estimate the health effects and costs of introduction and 1-dose switch delays, switching to nonavalent vaccine (9vHPV), supply disruptions, and various scale-up scenarios. Costs were evaluated from the health system perspective. We estimated cervical cancer cases, deaths, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and program and health care costs. Results: Compared with no vaccination, maintaining current program performance would avert approximately 173,000 (95% UI: 149,000–191,000) cases and 2.7 (2.3–3.0) million DALYs across 2019 to 2100. A gradual scale-up of the current 2-dose quadrivalent vaccine (4vHPV) program would avert an additional 16,000 (14–18,000) cases (9%), increasing to 33,000 (28–37,000) cases (19%) if a multiage catchup is implemented in 2030. Accelerated scale-up of 1-dose bivalent vaccine (2vHPV) would avert 184,000 (164–199,000) cases and 3.0 (2.6–3.2) million DALYs, compared with no vaccination; translating to an additional 11,000 (2–17,000) cases averted (6%) compared with maintaining a 2-dose strategy, but at lower program ($81 million vs $76 million) and treatment costs ($2.09 billion vs $2.07 billion). HPV vaccination introduction in 2015 rather than 2019 would have averted an additional 74,000 (43%) cases. Annual vaccine supply disruptions translates to less than 9,000 (200–16,000) cases (5%) and 212,000 (74–305,000) DALYs averted (7%) compared with a 1-dose strategy. A 1-dose 9vHPV strategy would have more health benefits and save additional treatment costs compared with a 1-dose 2vHPV vaccine. Conclusions: Prompt 1-dose switch and rapid scale-up and adoption of a 9vHPV program should be priority policy decisions for Kenya. Graphical abstract
Valerian Mwenda, Joan-Paula Bor, Rose Jalang’o et al.· MDM Policy & Practice· 0 citations