Skip to content
Open access

A local-update tree-based routing algorithm for WSNs

Jul 2026 · PeerJ Computer Science · Vol 12, pp. e4050 · 0 citations · 30 references
Computer Science

TL;DR

Simulation results demonstrate that compared with three other algorithms, the proposed algorithm achieves a more balanced energy consumption distribution among nodes, significantly extends the network’s stability period, and further enhances the overall network lifetime.

Abstract

To address premature node failure in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) caused by limited energy and uneven energy consumption, this article proposes a tree-based routing algorithm with local update capability. Building upon traditional tree-based routing architecture, this algorithm classifies nodes into different tiers according to their residual energy, geographical location, and current connectivity status. These tiers undergo real-time dynamic updates to adapt to packet transmission demands. Routing paths are adaptively adjusted based on tier variations: when a node’s tier rapidly decreases, its associated routes undergo local updates to minimize energy consumption, thereby prolonging the life time of lower-tier nodes as effectively as possible. Simulation results demonstrate that compared with three other algorithms, the proposed algorithm achieves a more balanced energy consumption distribution among nodes, significantly extends the network’s stability period, and further enhances the overall network lifetime.

Read PDF

Similar papers

Open access Aug 2026

An Enhanced LEACH-Based Dynamic Routing Framework for Energy-Efficient Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks

The core research goal of this paper is to optimize dynamic routing protocols to improve the performance of the classic LEACH protocol in heterogeneous WSNs through a real-time adaptive scheme, which relies on two core methods: a cluster head selection mechanism based on the residual energy criterion, and a priority ho...

V. Barbudhe, Shruti Dixit · 0 citations
Open access Aug 2026

An Optimal Routing for Chain-based Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks

The suggested ORB-PEGASIS algorithm increases the network lifetime of the HetWSNs by, according to a comparison of the obtained results with various algorithms, including PEGASIS-E by 68.42%, PEGASIS by 112.8%, PEG-ACO by 60.43%, and IEEPB-KMO by 58.47%.

G. S. Prashanth, P. G. Suprith, T. R. Yashavanthakumar · 0 citations
Review Open access 2026

A Comprehensive Survey of LEACH Protocol and Its Advancements for Energy-Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks

This survey presents a comprehensive review of the LEACH protocol, describing its architecture, clustering mechanism, setup and steady-state phases, and data aggregation process, and identifying future research directions for improving reliability, scalability, security, and overall network performance in next-generati...

Mohsen R. Kareem · 0 citations
Open access Aug 2026

A distributed K-means-based improved energy distance LEACH routing protocol for wireless sensor networks

A distributed K-means clustering algorithm integrated with a modified low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy-improved energy distance protocol for clustering and CH selection achieves improved network lifetime, energy balancing, and scalability while maintaining competitive throughput performance compared with existi...

M. Arafat, M. Drieberg, A. A. Aziz et al. · 0 citations

We use cookies to run the site and, with your consent, for analytics and to show ads. See our Cookie Policy.