Aug 2026· Journal of Pharmaceutical Innovation· Vol 22· 0 citations· 96 references
TL;DR
Continued efforts to identify highly specific target antigens, optimize manufacturing processes, enhance safety, and integrate CAR-T therapy with complementary immunotherapeutic approaches are expected to improve clinical outcomes and broaden the application of CAR-T therapy to T-cell malignancies and potentially other solid and hematologic cancers.
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells are synthetic receptors used for the recognition of specific antigens expressed by reprogrammed T cells for targeting tumors. CAR-T cell therapy has gained remarkable clinical success for the treatment of hematological malignancies such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL), and primary intraocular lymphoma (PIL). The increasing number of preclinical investigations and clinical trials is focusing on extending CAR-T cell therapy to solid tumors due to its remarkable success in leukemia and lymphoma cancers. However, some limitations of CAR-T therapy still exist, including a lack of targetable antigen diversity, heterogeneous antigen expression, insufficient T-cell trafficking efficiency, and an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. This review explores the role of CAR-T cell therapy, current challenges, and emerging solutions for solid tumor malignancies. To overcome the existing limitations of CAR-T cell therapy, innovative strategies, including the optimization of novel CAR vectors with checkpoint inhibitors, have been designed to enhance the antitumor activity of CAR-T cells against solid tumors. It also explores the design of novel CAR-T cells and strategies for improving antitumor activity against solid tumors. Among the emerging strategies, universal CARs and combination approaches with checkpoint inhibitors are especially promising for extending CAR-T therapy to solid tumors.
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This review systematically outlines recent advances in cell therapy strategies, focusing on their mechanisms of action, target antigens, and clinical translation.
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The key discoveries that laid the foundations for CAR T cell therapies are summarized and a broad overview of the current principles of CAR design, their clinical development and emerging strategies aimed at enhancing efficacy, broadening indications and achieving durable immune control across disease types are provided.
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This review comprehensively examines the current landscape of CAR-T cell therapy for colon cancer, focusing on its underlying mechanisms, recent clinical advances, major challenges, and future perspectives.
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The biological mechanisms underlying resistance to CAR-T therapy in solid tumors are examined and emerging combination strategies designed to enhance tumor recognition, trafficking, persistence, and antitumor activity are critically evaluated.
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This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of recent advances in the design of innovative CAR architectures to expand the targetable antigen landscape and discusses innovative CARs in four main categories.
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