Spin-Density-Driven Hybrid Spin Splitting in Collinear Compensated Magnets

Abstract

Nonrelativistic spin splitting in collinear compensated magnets is constrained by spin-group symmetry, with distinct alternating and Zeeman-type splitting typically associated with altermagnets and fully compensated ferrimagnets, respectively. From a spin-density perspective, we propose a class of hybrid compensated magnets in which alternating-like and Zeeman-type spin splitting coexist within a single collinear compensated state. Using a minimal two-sector model, we demonstrate that this coexistence arises from competition between directional sublattice dispersion and the sector-dependent energy biases arising from the same structural inequivalence. First-principles calculations provide a proof of concept in a crossed bilayer of unequal-width Janus graphene nanoribbons, where the structurally inequivalent ribbons retain approximately symmetry-related spin-density distributions. The valence and conduction sectors support direction-selective spin transport and energy-selective spin-polarized states, respectively. These results connect the spatial organization of spin density with the electronic response to structural inequivalence, providing a design principle for hybrid spin splitting in compensated magnets.