Beyond Intelligence Quotient in the Artificial Intelligence Era

Abstract

As generative artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly incorporated into higher education, renewed attention is required to understand how human capabilities are conceptualized relative to AI. This study has two aims. First, it examines the psychometric properties of the second edition of the Eight Multiple Intelligences Questionnaire among Taiwanese university students. Second, the study explores students' perceptions of human-AI strengths across intelligence domains. Data were collected from 936 students at a private university in Taiwan. Exploratory factor analysis supported an eight-factor structure, explaining 80.34% of the total variance. Reliability was satisfactory, with Cronbach's α and composite reliability greater than .90. Students perceived AI as stronger in linguistic, logical-mathematical, and spatial domains, while humans were viewed as stronger in interpersonal, intrapersonal, bodily-kinesthetic, naturalistic, and existential domains. These findings support the instrument while clarifying human-AI capability boundaries. The results offer implications for designing AI-assisted, human-led courses and online pedagogy.