Prevalence and Classification of Mandibular Canal Variations Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography

Abstract

The mandibular canal is an important anatomical structure containing the inferior alveolar neurovascular bundle, and anatomical variations can increase the risk of complications during dental procedures. This study evaluated the prevalence and classification of mandibular canal variations using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). This observational, descriptive, quantitative, cross-sectional, and documentary study retrospectively analyzed 229 CBCT scans, corresponding to 458 mandibular canals. Variations were classified into six categories (Classes A–F) based on the path of the bifid canal. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics software and Pearson’s chi-square test, with a significance level of 5%. Anatomical variations were identified in 21.0% of the canals. Class D, corresponding to the retromolar path, was the most prevalent (16.6%), followed by Class C (2.2%), Classes A and F (0.9% each), and Class B (0.4%); Class E was not observed. Variations were predominantly unilateral, occurring more frequently on the left side (12.2%). A statistically significant association was observed between the affected side and the type of variation (χ2 = 129.000; p < 0.001). CBCT proved effective in identifying and classifying these variations and can contribute to safer dental treatment planning.