Investigation of Ground Water Potential Using Schlumberger Array. Case Study; North West Jigawa State.

Abstract

Apart from Rain, groundwater is the only source of potable and agricultural water in the northwestern region of Jigawa State, Nigeria, where surface water resources are scarce and many existing boreholes have failed. This study investigates the groundwater potential of the area using geophysical techniques, with emphasis on the electrical resistivity method employing Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) with the Schlumberger electrode configuration. Apparent resistivity data were acquired at twenty sounding locations (VES 1–20) using electrode spacings of up to 150 m. The acquired data are interpreted through IPI2Win inversion to determine subsurface resistivity distribution, layer thicknesses, and aquifer characteristics. The interpreted geoelectric parameters will be integrated with geological information to delineate aquifer depth, thickness, and lateral extent and to identify suitable groundwater development zones. Preliminary field observations indicate considerable variation in apparent resistivity across the study area, suggesting heterogeneous subsurface lithology consisting of clay, sandy clay, weathered formations, and saturated sand units. The geophysical interpretation with existing hydrogeological information is expected to improve borehole siting accuracy and reduce drilling failure within the study area. The findings will contribute to sustainable groundwater exploration and water-resource management in the semi-arid northeastern part of Jigawa State.