Surfactant-Decorated Microcrystalline Cellulose: A Perspective Filler for Denture Artificial Teeth

Abstract

This study investigated the effects of surfactant-coated microcrystalline cellulose (surfactant–MCC) on poly(methyl methacrylate)-based artificial teeth. This is the first study to use surfactant–MCC as a filler in PMMA-based denture materials. The prepared surfactant–MCC was mixed with PMMA powder at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2% w/w, yielding groups A, B, C, D, and E, respectively. Samples were characterized through FTIR, SEM, and contact angle measurements. Mechanical and surface properties were evaluated using a universal testing machine (UTM) and a microhardness testing machine. The physical and antimicrobial properties were assessed. The addition of surfactant–MCC improved surface homogeneity, compressive strength, and hardness while reducing water sorption. The composites also exhibited good antimicrobial properties. Although the flexural strength decreased slightly, it remained within the ISO standards. These findings suggest that surfactant–MCC incorporation can enhance the overall performance of artificial teeth.