Balancing Promise and Risk:  A Critical Review of Global Perspectives on AI in Education

Abstract

The shadow of artificial intelligence spreads across various aspects of human lives including education. On the one hand, artificial intelligence provides a help facility. On the other, it raises doubts about the quality as well as the ethicality of students’ learning outcomes. However, The Kurdistan Regional Government and the Ministry of Higher Education are taking every step to integrate technological and pedagogical innovations in education to promote empowerment and entrepreneurship. One of these innovative approaches is the use of Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED). Although students have already started using various AI-based platforms, teachers and educators require a state-of-the-art review of AI in different educational contexts to gain a comprehensive understanding of its promises and risks. In literature, there are different studies investigating promises and risks of AIED separately, nevertheless it is necessary to have a panorama of both sides of AIED. In addition, this study attempts to provide suggestions and recommendations based on its critical investigation of literature. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to conduct a systematic review of the literature on the use of artificial intelligence in education, viz., the promises and risks of AI. Finally, this paper provides insights for teachers as well as educators to take the lead in implementing AI while ensuring safeguards are in place to prevent ethical concerns in the teaching and learning process. .