THE IMPACT OF PHYSICAL AND SENSORY ENVIRONMENTS ON THE DAILY LIVES OF NEURODIVERGENT ADULTS: A NARRATIVE REVIEW

Abstract

The built environment is not neutral, it actively shapes human experience, behavior, and emotional regulation. For neurodivergent adults, particularly those diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), traditional spaces often present significant physical and sensory barriers. This study aims to analyze how non-adapted environments, characterized by sensory overload, inadequate lighting, and high noise levels, act as factors of exclusion and cognitive fatigue. Methodologically, a narrative literature review was conducted, focusing on the intersection of Environmental Psychology, Neuroarchitecture, and Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD) in adulthood. The results indicate that ocularcentric and hyper-stimulating designs in corporate, residential, and academic settings exacerbate attentional fatigue, trigger severe emotional crises (meltdowns and shutdowns), and restrict the autonomy of neuroatypical individuals. It is concluded that incorporating sensory accessibility and salutogenic design principles is crucial to foster inclusion, preserve mental health, and promote independence during adulthood.