Sustainable Development in the Digital Era: the Role Artifical Intelligence and the Internet of Things in Suporting the Green Economy

Abstract

Sustainable development has become a global priority in addressing environmental challenges while maintaining economic growth and social welfare. In the digital era, Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) have emerged as key technologies that support the implementation of a green economy through efficient and data-driven resource management. This study aims to analyze the role of AI and IoT in supporting sustainable development, examine their contribution to improving resource efficiency, and identify the challenges associated with their implementation. The study employs a conceptual research method with a qualitative approach based on a literature review of recent scientific journals, books, and other relevant academic publications. The findings indicate that AI enhances decision-making, optimizes resource utilization, and reduces operational waste, while IoT enables real-time monitoring and automated management across various sectors. The integration of AI and IoT creates intelligent systems that improve energy efficiency, support environmental management, and strengthen green economy practices. However, challenges such as digital infrastructure gaps, limited human resources, high implementation costs, and data security concerns remain. Therefore, collaboration among governments, industries, and educational institutions is essential to maximize the contribution of AI and IoT to sustainable development.