Prevalence and Associated Factors of Knee Osteoarthritis among Adults Aged Above 50 Years: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study in Urban Central India

Abstract

Background: Knee Osteoarthritis is a multifactorial degenerative disorder that has increased by over 113% in the past three decades. In India, its prevalence ranges from 17% to 64.3%, making it an emerging public health concern. The purpose was to estimate the Prevalence of Knee Osteoarthritis and determine its association with various factors among adults aged >50 years. Methodology: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in the field practice area of a tertiary care hospital among 400 participants aged >50 years, selected by simple random sampling through house-to-house surveys using ACR criteria. Ethical approval was obtained. Data were collected using structured interviews and clinical knee examination. Statistical analysis was performed using Epi Info version 7. Results: The prevalence of Knee Osteoarthritis was 39.75%. Significant associated factors included female sex, joint/extended family type, musculoskeletal symptoms, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, past knee trauma, frequent squatting, and increased BMI. In multiple logistic regression, joint/extended family type (aOR: 1.662), musculoskeletal symptoms (aOR: 1.852), and past knee trauma (aOR: 2.096) were significant predictors. Conclusions: Knee Osteoarthritis is highly prevalent among older adults, with higher BMI, females and past trauma. Community-based interventions focusing on early diagnosis, health education, and primary prevention are essential to reduce its burden.