DynamicMCPBench: A Trace-Grounded, Effect-Scored Benchmark for LLM Agents over Live MCP Servers

Abstract

Large language model (LLM) agents are increasingly deployed over Model Context Protocol (MCP) servers, yet the benchmarks used to evaluate them score the final answer or a fixed"ground-truth"list of tools, both of which are fragile once the underlying data is live and stateful. We present DynamicMCPBench, a reusable framework rather than a fixed dataset. A practitioner can run it on their own MCP servers to test models on their own tasks, or let it collect servers automatically to measure a model's general ability to solve agentic tasks. Given the servers and any set of models, it generates realistic goals, pursues each one live to record a successful trajectory, distills that trajectory into path-agnostic effect checkpoints, and scores an agent on whether it reproduces those effects, never on the final answer. To show what the framework reveals, we run it at scale: 24 models over 121 servers and 750 tasks spread evenly over 15 task categories (50 each), where each category targets a distinct tool-use challenge of the generated questions. Each task is scored by pass^3: it counts as solved only if all three independent attempts succeed. Even the strongest agents solve only about half of the tasks, 31% of tasks are solved by no model at all, and accuracy collapses as the required tool chain grows longer (from 39% on the shortest chains to 13% on the longest). A human validation study confirms the automatic scoring is reliable (chance-corrected agreement of 0.76). DynamicMCPBench thus turns benchmark construction into something practitioners can rerun on their own servers and models, while exposing a consistent inability of current agents to handle long, multi-step agentic tasks.