Transhumanism and Posthumanity: A Philosophical Analysis of Ethical and Anthropological Boundaries

Abstract

This article examines transhumanism as an intellectual and cultural movement aimed at overcoming human biological limitations through technology. It analyzes the term's evolution from mid-20th-century futurological concepts to contemporary philosophical discourse. Particular attention is paid to the concept of «posthumanity» as a hypothetical stage of evolution characterized by a radical break with anthropological constants. The author explores key ethical dilemmas: identity, social inequality, ontological security, and the redefinition of human nature.Based on a comparative analysis of the works of N. Bostrom, F. Fukuyama, D. Haraway, and R. Bray, the author concludes that a normative framework for regulating human enhancement technologies is necessary.