Social media fact-checking has long been challenged by evidence-level and aggregation-level conflicts, where erroneous evidence mimics authoritative news sources. To capture this challenge and support conflict verification tasks, we present ContraNote, a large-scale real-world dataset curated from X's Community Notes system. It includes 33,686 posts for evaluating evidence-level conflict resolution, and 54,474 instances for evaluating aggregation-level prioritization. Additionally, we propose CoVer, a factual adjudication framework with three-stage pipelines: evidence schema normalization, factual consensus and support verification. This prioritizes evidence over noise to prevent it from compromising the final verdict. Technical evaluations show that CoVer achieves strong performance compared with state-of-the-art baselines across ContraNote (86.0% Acc., 68.0% mac. F1, 64.5 bal. Acc. on Conflict; and 88.5% Acc., 88.5 mac. F1 and 89.2 bal. Acc. on Prioritization), CONFACT-HumC (88.4% Acc.) and CONFACT-ModC (89.4% Acc.).
This verifiability-focused review analyzes an enumerated, non-exhaustive corpus of 45 content- and context-based detection studies in which each reported headline metric is traced to its primary source and confirmed against it wherever the source is accessible, and derives a dependency-ordered research agenda and trans...
Long Dinh Tuan, L. N. An, Duong Dinh Thai· Journal of Computing Theorie...· 0 citations
Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) improves the factuality of large language models with external knowledge, yet conflicting evidence remains a fundamental challenge in dynamic and adversarial environments. Existing approaches often treat conflicts as static inconsistencies and select more reliable knowledge, overloo...
Xiao-Rui Nie, Hong-Wei Li, Shenghao Wu et al.· 1 citation
EviGraphRAG is proposed, a ranker-agnostic reliability layer that separates candidate ranking from exact verification and explicit abstention, and exact conjunction over represented event constraints and linked source-record connectivity can improve selective reliability, while parser quality and candidate retrieval re...
Yu-Teng Sun, Yang Su, Xu-An Wang· Computers, Materials & C...· 0 citations
Retrieval-augmented fact-checkers often receive a reliability label, such as HIGH or LOW trust, for each evidence source. These labels should adjust the model's confidence and its decision to search for more evidence, while the verdict should follow the evidence content. We introduce TrustSwap, a counterfactual test th...
Jian-Chang Su, Yi-Wei Yang, Wei Zhang· 0 citations
This work proposes Sequential Epistemic and Action-Level Validation (SEAV), a verification-centric jailbreak evaluation framework that decomposes responses into ordered steps and evaluates both validity and correctness, and shows that enforcing correctness substantially reshapes measured robustness.
Qilong Wu, Sahil Wadhwa, Pranab Mohanty et al.· 0 citations
