A retail prevalence study to investigate microbiological contamination levels in ready‐to‐eat (RTE) plant‐based dairy, meat and fish substitutes

Abstract

Abstract This comprehensive report investigates the microbiological contamination of ready‐to‐eat (RTE) plant‐based dairy, meat and fish substitutes, reflecting the growing market and consumer interest in alternative protein sources. The primary objective was to assess the prevalence and levels of key microbial indicators and pathogens in these products, thereby evaluating their safety and potential public health risks. A systematic sampling strategy was employed, encompassing a diverse range of commercially available RTE plant‐based substitutes. Samples underwent rigorous microbiological analysis, including enumeration of total viable counts, Enterobacteriaceae, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp. and other relevant microorganisms, following standardised laboratory protocols. The results revealed variable levels of microbial contamination across product categories, with certain samples exceeding established safety thresholds for specific pathogens or hygiene indicators. Notably, the occurrence of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. was rare but highlighted the necessity for continued vigilance in production and supply chains. The study identified factors influencing contamination, such as product formulation, processing conditions and storage practices, underscoring the importance of robust food safety management systems tailored to plant‐based RTE products. In conclusion, while the majority of RTE plant‐based substitutes demonstrated satisfactory microbiological quality, isolated instances of elevated contamination levels warrant attention from both industry and regulatory authorities. The findings support the need for ongoing monitoring, targeted risk assessment and the development of specific guidelines to ensure the safety of plant‐based RTE foods. This report provides essential data to inform policy, guide industry best practices and protect public health as the sector continues to expand.