Ciudades Inteligentes en América Latina: datos, gobernanza y participación para el desarrollo

Abstract

Latin American cities face complex urban challenges (territorial inequality, deficiencies in public services, inefficient mobility, and climate vulnerability) that demand new forms of management based on evidence, transparency, and inclusion. In this context, Smart Cities emerge as a strategic opportunity, provided they integrate three key dimensions in a balanced way: advanced analytical capabilities (Big Data, AI, GIS), open governance and robust open data frameworks, and effective mechanisms for citizen participation and co-creation oriented toward sustainable human development. This article presents a systematic literature review, developed using the PRISMA methodology, focusing on experiences and studies from the Latin American urban context. It analyzes technological applications, regulatory frameworks, participatory practices, and their potential impact on critical areas such as reducing social and educational gaps. The results reveal significant progress, but also persistent challenges related to institutional capacities, the ethics of data use, the sustainability of digital ecosystems, and the need for truly inclusive innovation. Rather than describing technology, this work invites reflection on how to build cities that use data with social purpose, strengthen public trust, and generate real opportunities for all. The reader will find here not only a rigorous synthesis of the state of the art, but also keys to understanding where smart cities in Latin America can and should go.