The role of epigenetics in the pathogenesis of cutaneous diseases: a comprehensive review

Abstract

Epigenetics has recently emerged as a highly innovative and dynamic area of study within dermatology. This field concentrates on modifications to gene expression that occur without altering the underlying DNA sequence. These altered expressions were initiated by environmental influences and lifestyle choices, and play a fundamental role in both the onset and progression of numerous dermatological disorders. This article aims to delineate the essential roles that epigenetic modifications play in driving the pathogenesis of diverse dermatological disorders, as well as to highlight their clinical applications within current skin research. A comprehensive review of recent literature was conducted to elucidate the role of epigenetic perturbations in driving skin disease pathogenesis, illustrate cutaneous responses to environmental stimuli, and evaluate therapeutic trials aimed at reversing these epigenetic shifts. This article comprehensively outlines the pivotal role of epigenetic modifications; specifically, DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA pathways, in the pathogenesis of various dermatological disorders. Epigenetics offers a promising paradigm shift toward targeted interventions for traditionally imprecise dermatological treatments. The sheer multiplicity and redundancy of disease-associated epigenetic modifications frequently bottleneck therapeutic innovation. Overcoming this barrier requires a transition from symptomatic management to personalized medicine that can precisely reset disease-driving epigenetic switches.