Analysis of Internet of Things-Based Smart Environmental Monitoring Systems Using an Integrated Systematic Literature Review Method

Abstract

This study examines the development of Internet of Things (IoT)-based Smart Environmental Monitoring Systems (SEM) that enable automatic and real-time monitoring of environmental conditions through the integration of various sensor devices and communication technologies. This study aims to analyze the development of IoT architecture and technology, identify the sensing methods and data analysis techniques used, and examine the challenges and development directions of IoT-based Smart Environmental Monitoring Systems based on previous research results. The method used is an Integrative Literature Review of 25 national and international journal articles indexed by Scopus, selected based on their relevance to IoT-based environmental monitoring systems. The results show that most systems use a layered architecture consisting of sensor, communication, and application layers with the support of edge computing and cloud computing technologies. Various types of sensors are used to monitor environmental parameters such as air quality, water quality, temperature, humidity, and soil conditions, while data analysis techniques are performed in real-time with the support of artificial intelligence and multi-sensor integration. In addition, several key challenges were identified, including energy efficiency, data security, device interoperability, and sensor reliability in extreme environmental conditions. This study concluded that IoT-based Smart Environmental Monitoring Systems continue to evolve toward more integrated, intelligent, and efficient systems with great potential in supporting sustainable environmental management.