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#edge computing Open access

Frustration and holonomy in sheaves of qualia structures: quantitative local-to-global principles for phenomenal unity

Sep 2026 · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)

Abstract

In [1] we introduced the frustration f(S)f(S) of a sheaf of pseudometric spaces — the least consistency radius (in the sense of Robinson [3, 4]) achievable by any assignment — and proved metric local-to-global principles: holonomy displacement bounds, exact values on cycles, and rectification on acyclic covers. Prompted by correspondence on that paper, we here restrict the stalks to finite-dimensional normed vector spaces and show that the entire theory becomes cohomological. For an affine sheaf — a linear cellular sheaf SS on a multigraph twisted by a 11-cochain zz — we prove the cochain-level reformulation fp(S,z)=21/p−1dist⁡p(z,im⁡δ0)=21/p−1∥[z]∥H1,f_p(S,z) = 2^{1/p-1}\operatorname{dist}_p(z,\operatorname{im}\delta^0) = 2^{1/p-1}\|[z]\|_{H^1}, one half (for p=∞p=\infty) the quotient norm of the obstruction class in sheaf cohomology: frustration is a norm on H1H^1, its optimal assignments are minimal-norm cocycle representatives (harmonic for p=2p=2, minimax for p=∞p=\infty), and in finite dimensions the obstruction is complete: f=0f=0 iff [z]=0[z]=0 iff a global section exists. Duality identifies the frustration with a maximization over the dual cycle space ker⁡δT\ker\delta^T; by Rockafellar’s theory of elementary vectors, for rank-one (gain-graph) sheaves at p=∞p=\infty the optimal dual certificates are supported on the circuits of Zaslavsky’s frame matroid — balanced cycles and unbalanced theta/handcuff pairs — yielding a closed combinatorial formula that strictly extends the mean-cycle theorem of [1], and explaining exactly when cycle holonomy fails to determine frustration: the maximizing certificate can be a handcuff. For translation systems we identify the extremal frustration-to-cycle-bound ratio on two-vertex (banana) graphs with the Jung constant J(V)J(V) of the stalk norm — the equilateral-theta gap 2/32/\sqrt3 of [1] is exactly J(ℓ22)J(\ell_2^2) — settling the two-vertex case and the necessity direction of the Helly boundary question posed there, with sufficiency conjectured (and numerically supported): bananas appear to be the worst case in general. For homogeneous linear sheaves the natural invariant is the unit-normalized frustration, which equals σmin⁡(δ)/2\sigma_{\min}(\delta)/\sqrt2 — equivalently, its square is half the spectral gap λmin⁡\lambda_{\min} of the Hansen–Ghrist sheaf Laplacian; on cycles with orthogonal restriction maps λmin⁡=2−2cos⁡(θ∗/n)\lambda_{\min}=2-2\cos(\theta^\ast/n), and we give the exact dictionary between this spectral theory and the metric cycle formula of [1]. Finally we connect all of this to Robinson’s transmission-line sheaves on quantum graphs [J. Differential Equations 260 (2016) 872–896]: in the worked loop-with-tail example his resonance conditions and cohomology-dimension jumps are precisely the zero locus of our quantitative obstruction σmin⁡\sigma_{\min} of the secular map, which we compute in closed form; loss imposes a uniform positive lower bound on it; and his gauge freedom under edge collapse leaves cohomology invariant while transforming frustration by condition-number factors — frustration sees the geometry that cohomology forgets. The main identities and examples are machine-verified (18 further checks, all passing).

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Agile - denoting "the quality of being agile, readiness for motion, nimbleness, activity, dexterity in motion" - software development methods are attempting to offer an answer to the eager business community asking for lighter weight along with faster and nimbler software development processes. This is especially the case with the rapidly growing and volatile Internet software industry as well as for the emerging mobile application environment. The new agile methods have evoked substantial amount of literature and debates. However, academic research on the subject is still scarce, as most of existing publications are written by practitioners or consultants. The aim of this publication is to begin filling this gap by systematically reviewing the existing literature on agile software development methodologies. This publication has three purposes. First, it proposes a definition and a classification of agile software development approaches. Second, it analyses ten software development methods that can be characterized as being "agile" against the defined criterion. Third, it compares these methods and highlights their similarities and differences. Based on this analysis, future research needs are identified and discussed.

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Software development in startup companies: A systematic mapping study

Context: Software startups are newly created companies with no operating history and fast in producing cutting-edge technologies. These companies develop software under highly uncertain conditions, tackling fast-growing markets under severe lack of resources. Therefore, software startups present a unique combination of characteristics which pose several challenges to software development activities. Objective: This study aims to structure and analyze the literature on software development in startup companies, determining thereby the potential for technology transfer and identifying software development work practices reported by practitioners and researchers. Method: We conducted a systematic mapping study, developing a classification schema, ranking the selected primary studies according their rigor and relevance, and analyzing reported software development work practices in startups. Results: A total of 43 primary studies were identified and mapped, synthesizing the available evidence on software development in startups. Only 16 studies are entirely dedicated to software development in startups, of which 10 result in a weak contribution (advice and implications (6); lesson learned (3); tool (1)). Nineteen studies focus on managerial and organizational factors. Moreover, only 9 studies exhibit high scientific rigor and relevance. From the reviewed primary studies, 213 software engineering work practices were extracted, categorized and analyzed. Conclusion: This mapping study provides the first systematic exploration of the state-of-art on software startup research. The existing body of knowledge is limited to a few high quality studies. Furthermore, the results indicate that software engineering work practices are chosen opportunistically, adapted and configured to provide value under the constrains imposed by the startup context.

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