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THE ROLE OF POLITENESS STRATEGIES IN DEVELOPING PRAGMATIC COMPETENCE AMONG INDONESIAN EFL LEARNERS

Aug 2026 · CENDEKIA: Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan · 0 citations · 28 references

Abstract

ABSTRACT Indonesian EFL learners may demonstrate adequate grammatical knowledge while still experiencing difficulties in using English appropriately across different social and cultural contexts. This condition highlights the need to strengthen pragmatic competence, particularly through an understanding of politeness strategies in communication. This study aims to analyze the role of politeness strategies in developing English pragmatic competence among Indonesian EFL learners. A qualitative library research design was employed by synthesizing 30 relevant scholarly sources, primarily published between 2021 and 2026. The literature was analyzed thematically to identify recurring findings concerning pragmatic awareness, speech-act performance, contextual appropriateness, and sociocultural aspects of communication. The findings indicate that politeness strategies contribute to learners’ pragmatic awareness, support appropriate speech-act performance, and facilitate the adaptation of language to interpersonal contexts. The novelty of this study lies in providing an integrated synthesis that connects politeness strategies, speech-act performance, and sociocultural awareness as interrelated dimensions of pragmatic competence development among Indonesian EFL learners. The review also identifies first-language transfer, limited exposure to authentic English communication, grammar-oriented instruction, and insufficient sociocultural awareness as major challenges. These findings emphasize the importance of integrating pragmatic instruction, authentic materials, and communicative activities into English language teaching to support learners’ effective and contextually appropriate communication. ABSTRAK Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh masih terbatasnya kemampuan peserta didik EFL dalam menggunakan bahasa Inggris secara tepat sesuai konteks sosial dan budaya, meskipun penguasaan aspek gramatikal telah menjadi bagian utama dalam pembelajaran bahasa. Kondisi tersebut menunjukkan pentingnya pengembangan kompetensi pragmatik, khususnya melalui pemahaman strategi kesantunan dalam penggunaan bahasa. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis peran strategi kesantunan dalam mengembangkan kompetensi pragmatik bahasa Inggris pada pembelajar EFL di Indonesia. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain library research melalui sintesis 30 sumber ilmiah yang relevan dan terutama diterbitkan pada periode 2021–2026. Analisis dilakukan secara tematik untuk mengidentifikasi pola temuan mengenai kesadaran pragmatik, tindak tutur, kesesuaian kontekstual, serta aspek sosial dan budaya dalam komunikasi. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa strategi kesantunan berperan dalam meningkatkan kesadaran pragmatik, membantu pembelajar melakukan tindak tutur secara tepat, dan menyesuaikan penggunaan bahasa dengan konteks interpersonal. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada sintesis terpadu yang menghubungkan strategi kesantunan, performa tindak tutur, dan kesadaran sosiokultural sebagai bagian yang saling berkaitan dalam pengembangan kompetensi pragmatik pembelajar EFL Indonesia. Kajian juga mengidentifikasi transfer bahasa pertama, keterbatasan paparan terhadap komunikasi autentik, pembelajaran yang berorientasi pada tata bahasa, dan rendahnya kesadaran sosiokultural sebagai tantangan utama. Temuan ini menegaskan perlunya integrasi pembelajaran pragmatik, materi autentik, dan aktivitas komunikatif dalam pengajaran bahasa Inggris.

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