We establish two pointwise estimates for fractional difference operators, tracking explicitly the dependence of the constants on the smoothness index $s\in(0,1)$. Using these, within the framework of ball Banach function spaces we obtain two fractional Gagliardo--Nirenberg inequalities, including the BMO endpoint case. Furthermore, we establish endpoint asymptotic results as $s\to0^+$ and $s\to1^-$, proving that the asymptotic factors appearing in these inequalities have optimal order. Under the additional assumption that the underlying function space is rearrangement invariant, we show that the optimal Gagliardo--Nirenberg target spaces are precisely those given by the Calder\'on--Lozanovski\u{\i} space. This completely characterizes the rearrangement invariant target spaces for which the corresponding Gagliardo--Nirenberg inequalities hold, thereby answering an open question posed by K. Le\'snik, T. Roskovec, and F. Soudsk\'y. These results can be applied to various function spaces; in particular, they are completely new in the off-diagonal and BMO cases.
In this paper, we prove a sharp Fefferman--Stein-type estimate for the fractional Schr\"odinger equation, which can be regarded as a generalized Strichartz estimate for data in the Fourier Lebesgue space $\widehat{L^p}$. Then, as an application of the Fefferman--Stein inequality and its off-diagonal generalization, we prove large data local well-posedness and small data global well-posedness results for the one dimensional fractional nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation with pure power nonlinearities in the homonegeneous and inhomogeneous Fourier--Sobolev spaces $\widehat{\dot{H}^s_p},\widehat{H^s_p}$. Solutions are established in $L_x^r(\mathbb{R} ;L^q_t(I))$ spaces in order to overcome the difficulty of a loss of derivatives in the standard Strichartz estimates.
Inspired by the sharp coefficient estimates established by Cho \emph{et al.}\cite{CKKLS2018} for starlike functions of order $\alpha$ in the unit disk, we investigate the corresponding problems for starlike mappings of order $\alpha$ defined on the unit ball of a complex Banach space. Employing Fr\'echet derivatives together with suitable auxiliary lemmas, we establish sharp upper bounds for the second-order Hankel determinant, the Fekete--Szeg\"o functional, and the Zalcman functional associated with this class of mappings. In each case, the obtained estimates are shown to be sharp by identifying the corresponding extremal mappings. Furthermore, our results reduce to the known one-dimensional sharp estimates when the underlying Banach space is the complex plane, thereby extending several classical results of Cho \emph{et al.} \cite{CKKLS2018} to the setting of complex Banach spaces.
Given a complete doubling metric measure space $(X,\rho,\mu)$ supporting a Poincar\'e inequality, we prove weak-type characterizations of the Sobolev space $\dot{W}^{1,p}(\mu)$ and the space of functions of bounded variation, achieving a full analogy in general Poincar\'e spaces with the Euclidean results of Brezis et al. [Anal. PDE 17 (2024), 943-979]. The main novelty is that the finiteness of a weak-type norm, which only refers to differences or mean oscillations of $f$ without assuming any smoothness a priori, already guarantees the membership of $f$ in the relevant Sobolev or BV space. This distinguishes our contribution from the recent work of F. Dai et al. [Adv. Math. 502 (2026), Paper No. 111153], where the related norm-equivalence was obtained under the a priori Lipschitz assumption on $f$. A key intermediate step in our approach is a new localized Bourgain-Brezis-Mironescu type characterization. More precisely, we prove that, if $p\in(1,\infty)$ and $\gamma\in\mathbb R\setminus\{0\}$, then, for any $f\in L^1_{\mathrm{loc}}(\mu)$, \begin{equation*}\tag{$*$} \|f\|_{\dot W^{1,p}(\mu)} \sim \|\rho^{-1}\phi^{-\gamma}F\|_{L^{p,\infty}(\phi^{\gamma p}V^{-1})}, \qquad F\in\{\Delta f,m_f\},\quad \phi\in\{\rho,V\}, \end{equation*} where the homogeneous Sobolev space $\dot{W}^{1,p}(\mu)$ is defined by the minimal $p$-weak upper gradient and, for any $x,y\in X$, we denote $V(x,y):=\mu(B(x,\rho(x,y)))$ and $\Delta f(x,y):=|f(x) - f(y)|$, and $m_f(x,y)$ is the mean oscillation of $f$ on the ball $B(x,\rho(x,y))$. For $p=1$, the equivalence $(*)$ holds after replacing $\|f\|_{\dot W^{1,1}(\mu)}$ by a bounded variation norm and restricting the parameters to the optimal ranges $\gamma\in(-\infty,-1)\cup(0,\infty)$ for $\phi=\rho$ or $\gamma\in (-\infty,-\frac1d)\cup(0,\infty)$ for $\phi=V$, where $d\in(0,\infty)$ is the lower dimension of $X$.
Tuomas Hytönen, Dachun Yang, Wen Yuan et al.· 0 citations
We discuss lower-bound constructions for several no-dimensional theorems of combinatorial geometry in Banach spaces. The common mechanism is the Maurey--Pisier theorem: the supremal Rademacher type of a Banach space forces finite-dimensional \(\ell_p\)-structures, and standard-coordinate configurations in these model spaces give lower bounds for the error terms. For the Helly approximation property the relevant type is the type of the dual space. For colorful Radon, colorful Tverberg, selection, and weak \(\varepsilon\)-net statements the relevant type is the type of the original space. We show that the powers appearing in the no-dimensional Helly, Radon, Tverberg, and selection estimates are optimal at the supremal-type exponent. If the supremal type is attained, the known upper estimates coming from the corresponding type inequalities have the best possible order. We also include endpoint statements for spaces of trivial type. In this case the error terms in the Helly, Radon, Tverberg, and selection statements cannot tend to zero. Finally, we prove an endpoint obstruction for no-dimensional weak \(\eps\)-nets in spaces of trivial type. For every fixed cardinality bound, one can find a finite set in the unit ball for which no approximate weak \(\eps\)-net of that size exists below a fixed positive radius. The proof combines the simplex example in \(\ell_1^N\), the Lov\'asz theorem on the chromatic number of Kneser's graph, and finite representability of \(\ell_1^N\) in spaces of trivial type.
We prove the second commutation lemma for the Lebesgue spaces $L^p({\bf R}^d)$, $1<p<\infty$, on the whole unbounded domain, extending the $L^2$ theory of Tartar (1990) to the Banach-space framework of H-distributions. Unlike the $L^2$ setting, where the Plancherel isometry and Hilbert-space compactness are available, the global $L^p$ setting has neither. We control the non-local tail through Calder\'on--Zygmund kernel estimates, an explicit Taylor-remainder identity, and spatial truncation, obtaining order-$(-\epsilon)$ smoothing of the remainder into the Besov scale. Pairing weakly convergent sequences with their canonical Nemyckij duals, we then use the lemma to derive $L^p$ transport equations. For first-order scalar equations we establish the phase-space bicharacteristic (Vlasov) flow of the associated H-distribution when $p \ge 2$; for the quasilinear $p$-wave system we lift the local energy identity to the microlocal level, obtaining a Poynting-flux transport of microlocal energy in the linear core $p = 2$ and isolating the structural obstruction to its closure when $p \neq 2$. These results provide functional-analytic tools for tracking the propagation of singularities in degenerate nonlinear and non-local partial differential equations.
A classical idea in analysis going back at least to work of Simon (1997) is that Liouville theorems for solutions to elliptic or parabolic PDEs are equivalent to Schauder type regularity estimates. The goal of this course is to describe some recent developments of this idea concerning the regularity of the complex Monge-Amp\`ere equation with respect to singular reference metrics. We will start with a quick look at the classical $C^2$ and $C^3$ estimates of Calabi-Aubin-Yau and then present a new proof of the Evans-Krylov $C^{2,\alpha}$ estimate on a Euclidean ball. Based on this we will consider the case of singular backgrounds such as cylinders and cones, discussing some recent work by Hein, Tosatti, Lee and Klemmensen. Our discussion is far from complete and knowledge of K\"ahler geometry including the Aubin-Yau theorems is assumed. The course includes five exercises with solutions and a problem list.
Yifan Chen, Hans-Joachim Hein, Ryan Mc Gowan· 0 citations
