Risk Assessment of Metro Protection Zones Based on GIS Spatial Overlay and Multi-Scale Discretization

Abstract

This study develops a GIS-driven framework for multi-scale discretization and cross-scale consistency verification. By converting metro protection zones into assessment units at the macro, meso, and micro scales and overlaying their respective risk layers, the framework identifies stable high-risk segments that are consistently detected across various spatial granularities. The proposed multi-scale risk assessment framework offers several advantages over traditional approaches. The inter-station segmentation allows for system-wide risk monitoring, while fixedlength segmentation facilitates localized risk analysis, and original construction method segmentation provides detailed engineering risk assessment. The evaluation index system, encompassing geological, structural, and operational factors, ensures comprehensive risk coverage. The application of fuzzy mathematics and heuristic weighting methods enhances the objectivity of risk quantification, reducing subjective biases in the assessment process. The empirical results from Guangzhou Metro case studies validate the framework's effectiveness in identifying high-risk sections consistently across different spatial scales. This multi-scale approach supports decision-makers in implementing targeted risk mitigation measures, optimizing resource allocation, and improving the overall safety and reliability of urban rail transit systems.