Prevalence and Risk Factors of Resistant Hypertension Among Patients Attending General Medicine OPD: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study

Abstract

Background: Resistant hypertension is a major clinical challenge, and it is linked to a high cardiovascular risk. Although there is a guideline-based therapy, not all patients can reach the maximum levels of blood pressure control, which is often explained by metabolic, lifestyle, or adherence-related factors. Objective: To establish the prevalence and risk factors of resistant hypertension in patients visiting the General Medicine OPD of a tertiary care hospital. Methodology: The study was a cross-sectional observation based on 180 hypertensive adults in a hospital. The structured proforma was used to record demographic information, lifestyle, comorbidities, treatment, and medication compliance. Standardized methods were used in measuring blood pressure, resistant hypertension was defined as the uncontrolled BP in the presence of 3 or more antihypertensive drugs, including a diuretic. The statistical analysis was done using SPSS. Findings: Resistant hypertension was common (17.8% or 32/180). The prevalence rates of diabetes mellitus (71.9%), obesity (68.8%), disordered sleep (53.1%), dyslipidemia (56.2%), and non-adherence to therapy (43.8%) were much higher in the resistant cases than in non-resistant patients. There were slight differences in smoking and drinking alcohol. Conclusion: Resistant hypertension is a serious condition that impacts close to a fifth of patients with hypertension and it is closely linked with metabolic abnormality, sleeping disorders, and poor adherence to medication. To enhance the BP regulation and prevent complications, early diagnosis and specific actions are required.