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Review

Antibacterial Nanomaterials at Biointerfaces: Multiphysical and Chemical Activation Mechanisms as Synergistic Microbial Inactivation

Jul 2026 · BioNanoScience · Vol 16 · 0 citations · 263 references

TL;DR

The photochemical and physicochemical principles underlying stimulus-responsive antibacterial nanomaterials at biointerfaces are surveyed, recent developments in multifunctional photodynamic, photothermal, electrodynamic, radiodynamic, and piezoelectric platforms are traced, and persistent challenges in biosafety, stimulus penetration, and the path toward clinical use are addressed.

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