Competence and Preparedness of Professional Nurses in Managing Gender-Based Violence: A South African Qualitative Study

Abstract

Background: Gender-based violence (GBV) is a significant public health crisis in South Africa. Nurses in health clinics at higher education institutions (HEIs) are often first responders for survivors. However, their preparedness to manage GBV cases remains unclear, and nursing curricula may not adequately equip them for this role. Purpose: To investigate the preparedness of professional nurses at HEI health clinics in managing GBV and to identify related educational gaps for undergraduate nursing curriculum enhancement. Methods: A qualitative, descriptive case study was conducted at two HEIs in Cape Town, South Africa, between January and February 2025. Purposive sampling was used to recruit five professional nurses. Data was collected through semi-structured online interviews and analyzed using thematic analysis. The study adhered to the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) guidelines. Results: Key findings revealed significant gaps in formal education, with nurses relying heavily on informal, onthe-job learning to develop competence in GBV management. Three themes emerged: (1) Educational and Systemic Barriers to GBV Competence; (2) Development of Competence through Experiential Learning; and (3) Skills and Ethical Foundations in Managing GBV and OBV. Barriers included a lack of structured GBV content in nursing curricula, leading to inconsistent care. Core competencies, such as empathy and communication, were developed experientially. Stigma and challenges with survivor disclosure further complicated case management. Conclusion: The findings suggest that the professional nurses interviewed in this study feel underprepared to manage GBV due to deficiencies in their formal nursing education. An apparent disparity exists between the practical demands of their role and the training that they receive, highlighting the need for urgent curriculum reform. Implications for Nursing: There is an imperative need to integrate dedicated, practical GBV modules into undergraduate nursing curricula. Continuous professional development and standardized institutional protocols are essential to enhancing the competence and confidence of practicing nurses in providing effective, survivor-centered care. Keywords: Gender-based violence, Nursing education, Professional competence, Preparedness, Qualitative research, South Africa.