TL;DR
Findings identify dual-frequency SCS as a promising strategy to prolong analgesia and highlight a critical role for neuroimmune modulation in sustained pain relief.
Future progress in SCS will likely depend on artificial intelligence, remote monitoring, biomarker-guided programming, and integration with multidisciplinary chronic pain care.
ABSTRACT Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is a clinically approved therapy for neuropathic pain (NP), yet a substantial subset of patients fails to respond or shows minimal efficacy, so-called nonresponders. It remains unclear how to resolve this SCS nonresponsiveness. Using a NP model induced by tibial-sparing nerve inju...
VC-SCS represents a promising investigational approach for pain syndromes refractory to traditional dorsal column stimulation, and should focus on refining techniques and addressing critical knowledge gaps regarding patient selection and the durability of outcomes.
Spinal cord injuries (SCI) are traumatic lesions of the spinal cord that commonly result from physical trauma. They can lead to severe and permanent impairments in motor, sensory, and/or autonomic functions, often resulting in paraplegia or tetraplegia. Despite advances in this field, effective restorative treatments f...
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation technique widely used to modulate cortical excitability, yet its influence on spinal mechanisms remains less understood. This review synthesizes current evidence on the effects of tDCS on human spinal circuitry in both health and disease....
This study demonstrates that pcTBS applied to M1 is an effective treatment for chronic neuropathic pain, with analgesic efficacy comparable to conventional 10-Hz rTMS.
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