Evaluation of Integrated Nutrient Management Practices for Enhancing Crop Yield and Soil Fertility
Abstract
Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) has emerged as a sustainable agricultural approach that combines organic, inorganic, and biological nutrient sources to improve crop productivity while maintaining long-term soil fertility and environmental quality. The continuous use of chemical fertilizers without adequate replenishment of soil organic matter has resulted in declining soil health, nutrient imbalances, reduced microbial activity, environmental pollution, and diminishing crop productivity in many agricultural regions. Integrated Nutrient Management addresses these challenges by promoting balanced nutrient application through the combined use of chemical fertilizers, farmyard manure, compost, green manure, crop residues, biofertilizers, and other organic amendments. This integrated approach enhances nutrient-use efficiency, improves soil physical, chemical, and biological properties, increases crop yield, and supports sustainable agricultural production. The present study evaluates the role of Integrated Nutrient Management practices in enhancing crop productivity and restoring soil fertility under diverse agroecosystems. It examines the principles and components of INM, analyzes its effects on crop growth, nutrient availability, soil health, and environmental sustainability, explores technological innovations supporting nutrient management, and discusses policy interventions for promoting widespread adoption of sustainable nutrient management practices. The study highlights that integrating scientific research, precision agriculture, digital technologies, farmer education, and supportive agricultural policies can significantly improve nutrient management efficiency while reducing environmental degradation. Ultimately, Integrated Nutrient Management represents a key strategy for achieving sustainable agriculture, improving food security, conserving natural resources, and ensuring long-term agricultural resilience under changing environmental conditions..