Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Children with Obesity

Abstract

Background: Childhood obesity has risen sharply over the past decades, leading to increased cardiometabolic ‘ risks. Metabolic syndrome (MS), characterized by central obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and impaired glucose metabolism, poses significant long-term health threats in children. Aim: To assess the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in South Asian children with obesity and examine associated anthropometric and biochemical parameters. Methodology: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 80 children aged 3–16 years attending the Department of Pediatrics, Shree Narayan Medical Institute & Hospital, Saharsa, Bihar, India. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, and fasting biochemical profiles were recorded. MS was defined using modified IDF criteria. Results: Among 80 participants, 18 children (22.5%) met criteria for MS. Central obesity was most prevalent (62.5%), followed by elevated triglycerides (35%), low HDL-C (27.5%), hypertension (22.5%), and impaired fasting glucose (15%). Children with MS had significantly higher BMI, waist circumference, triglycerides, blood pressure, and fasting glucose, and lower HDL-C than those without MS (p<0.05). Girls demonstrated greater susceptibility to central obesity and dyslipidemia. Conclusion: Metabolic syndrome affects a substantial proportion of South Asian children with obesity. Early screening and targeted lifestyle interventions are essential to mitigate long-term cardiovascular and metabolic risks.