Community-Based Screening for Undiagnosed Hyperglycemia and Prediabetes in Southeastern Nigeria

Abstract

Abstract Objectives This study aimed to determine the prevalence of abnormal fasting blood glucose levels and identify associated risk factors among adults in a rural community in southeastern Nigeria. Materials and Methods A community-based, cross-sectional screening study was conducted among 200 adults aged ≥18 years in Okija, Anambra State, Nigeria. Participants were recruited through voluntary participation during a community health outreach program. Fasting blood glucose was measured using capillary blood obtained via finger prick with a calibrated portable glucometer following overnight fasting. Anthropometric indices, including body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference, were recorded. Demographic and lifestyle data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Results Twenty-four participants (12.0%) had fasting blood glucose levels consistent with possible diabetes, while 59 (29.5%) had impaired fasting glucose (prediabetes), with 83 (41.5%) participants exhibiting abnormal glucose regulation. Elevated fasting blood glucose levels were significantly associated with age group (χ 2  = 17.61, df = 7, p  = 0.020), waist circumference (χ 2  = 4.79, df = 1, p  = 0.029), carbohydrate intake (χ 2  = 4.50, df = 1, p  = 0.034), and fat intake (χ 2  = 6.14, df = 1, p  = 0.013). Conclusion There is a high burden of abnormal fasting blood glucose levels and prediabetes in this rural population. Community-based screening and targeted lifestyle interventions are essential to reduce the growing burden of diabetes.