Assessment of bone mineral density in patients on hemodialysis: diagnostic capabilities of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and limitations of FRAX

X-Ray densitometry as a tool for determining bone mineral density children with malabsorption syndrome: a prospective study

Adopting a personalized analytical approach minimizes the risk of overdiagnosis and allows for precise identification of the baseline value for longitudinal monitoring of bone mineral density (BMD) accumulation, including quantitative follow-up assessments.

Assessment of Bone Mass and Fracture Risk Using Trabecular Bone Score in Children with Autoimmune Gastrointestinal Diseases

The findings suggest that the clinical role of TBS in the assessment of pediatric bone health remains to be established, and that larger prospective studies are needed to clarify the clinical value of TBS for fracture risk assessment in pediatric autoimmune gastrointestinal diseases.

Fracture risk prediction based on multivariable diagnostic models incorporating dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry based bone mineral density, trabecular bone score, and clinical risk factors in women aged ≥ 50 years: a prospective study

Indirect bone microarchitecture analysis using DXA-derived TBS predicts fragility fracture risk independently of spine BMD and with comparable predictive performance in postmenopausal women in Poland.

Comparison of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and lumbar radiographs using deep learning for osteoporosis diagnosis.

Longitudinal bone loss in patients with stage 3 CKD: a study based on densitometry and HR-pQCT

In a 1-year longitudinal study of 34 patients with stage 3 CKD and stable bone turnover markers there was no deterioration of bony quality. However, HR-pQCT identified impaired bone density in 73.5% of cases at baseline, which was undetected by DXA. Findings suggest early skeletal involvement despite stable renal function. It has been postulated that chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with bone loss. However, prospective data are limited, and it remains unclear whether bone loss or microarchitecture chances occurs in the early stages of CKD with stable renal function. In this longitudinal cohort study, patients with stage 3 CKD underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT), with reassessment after 1 year. Bone biomarkers, including alkaline phosphatase, intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), intact fibroblast growth factor-23 (iFGF-23), total procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (tP1NP), and β-isomerized C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen -I (β-CTX-I) were also measured. Thirty-four patients were included (51 ± 3 years, 44% men). Bone turnover markers remained stable during follow-up. Osteopenia and/or osteoporosis at one or more sites was found in 45.5% of participants. Low bone mineral density (BMD), T-score < -1, was observed in 32.3% (lumbar spine), 29.4% (total hip), 14.7% (1/3 distal radius), and 26.5% (ultradistal radius). HR-pQCT revealed impaired BMD in at least one site (tibia or radius) in 73.5% of cases. Renal function remained stable during follow-up, with no significant changes in bone biomarkers. DXA showed a slight but significant decline in T-scores at the total hip and 1/3 distal radius, whereas HR-pQCT parameters remained unchanged. In patients with stage 3 CKD and stable renal function, bone microarchitecture identified impaired BMD not fully detected by DXA. Over 1 year, however, only minimal changes in bone parameters were observed.

Bone Mineral Density and Vertebral Fracture Frequency in a Group of Type 1 Diabetic Patients

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between vertebral fracture and various biological factors in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Methods: The study included 61 patients diagnosed with T1DM who were evaluated in the Diabetes Outpatient Clinic between 2017 and 2019, and 49 healthy individuals forming the control group. Demographic and clinical characteristics (age, gender, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity), biochemical parameters (fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, calcium, phosphate, parathyroid hormone, 25-OH vitamin D, C-terminal telopeptide, osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase), and bone-related variables (L1–L4 and femoral neck bone mineral density [BMD], vertebral fracture status) were comprehensively collected during outpatient visits. Vertebral fractures were assessed by the Genant semi-quantitative method using lateral vertebral fracture assessment images obtained by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Data were analyzed using non-parametric statistical tests and expressed as median (interquartile range). Logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and phosphate levels was performed. Results: Vertebral fracture prevalence was significantly higher in T1DM patients (67.2%) compared with controls (26.5%, P < .001). Patients had significantly lower body weight and BMI and higher rates of hyperlipidemia. Femoral neck BMD was significantly lower in the T1DM group (0.967 vs. 1.193 g/cm2, P < .001). Among diabetic patients, those with vertebral fractures had significantly lower serum phosphate levels than those without fractures (3.20 vs. 3.85 mg/dL, P = .008). No significant differences were observed in bone turnover markers or BMD values between patients with and without fractures. Conclusion: Type 1 diabetes mellitus patients showed a markedly higher prevalence of vertebral fractures and lower femoral neck BMD compared with healthy controls. Lower phosphate levels were observed in patients with fractures, suggesting a potential role of phosphate metabolism in diabetic bone fragility. Cite this article as: Günhan HG, .etin O, İmre E, Gogas Yavuz D. Bone mineral density and vertebral fracture frequency in a group of type 1 diabetic patients. Cerrahpaşa Med J. 2026, 50, 0091, doi: 10.5152/cjm.2026.25091.