Supramolecular polymer adhesives based on multiple hydrogen bonding: advances and perspectives
Abstract
With the rapid evolution of modern electronics, energy storage, and semiconductor industries, the demand for high-performance adhesives has shifted from a sole focus on adhesion strength to multifunctionality and sustainability. Conventional thermosetting adhesives are limited by their irreversible covalent networks and therefore inherently struggle with challenges such as end-of-life disassembly and recyclability. Supramolecular polymer adhesives based on multiple hydrogen bonds have emerged as promising alternatives owing to their dynamic reversibility. This perspective systematically discusses the design principles of multiple hydrogen bonds, including biologically inspired structures derived from nature and artificially synthesized multiple hydrogen bonding units. Based on the distribution of multiple hydrogen bonds in polymers, we analyze in detail the structural design and performance regulation strategies for main-chain, side-chain, and main-/side-chain combined bio-polysaccharide-based supramolecular adhesives. We also highlight innovative applications in battery binders and the nondestructive disassembly and recycling of electronic products. Finally, we briefly explore the challenges and future directions to provide guidance for developing next-generation high-performance, intelligent, and environmentally friendly adhesive materials.