Jul 2026· Work· pp.
10519815261430727
· 0 citations· 41 references
Medicine
Abstract
BackgroundCement companies supply construction sites, and the mining industry relies on heavy equipment such as cranes, excavators, and dump trucks. These vehicles pose risks of severe injuries due to heavy machinery operations, high-energy movements, and complex environments, leading to collisions, rollovers, mechanical failures, and human error.ObjectiveThis descriptive-analytical study examined the relationship between unsafe behaviors and workplace conditions among 40 mining machinery drivers in three Kerman cement factories.MethodsSafety behavior sampling (SBS) was used to measure unsafe acts through defining behaviors, training observers, and random observations. The sample size followed established formulas. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21, applying descriptive statistics, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test, and correlation analyses to assess relationships between unsafe behaviors and factors including age, marital status, work experience, employment type, safety training, vehicle type, and environmental noise and vibration.ResultsFrom 421 observed activities, significant correlations emerged between unsafe behaviors and driver age (p = 0.001), work experience (p = 0.0001), education (p = 0.0495), employment status (p = 0.003), observation time (p = 0.0001), safety training (p = 0.02), car model (p = 0.0001), driving license (p = 0.0001), and vehicle inspection (p = 0.003). Additionally, unsafe behaviors were positively correlated with noise (p < 0.05) and vibration levels (p = 0.008).ConclusionsNoise levels strongly correlate with unsafe behaviors among mining vehicle drivers, emphasizing the importance of environmental factors. Integrated approaches involving driver training and noise reduction are essential to enhance occupational safety.
The building construction industry is globally recognised as one of the most hazardous sectors,
with frequent accidents and unsafe practices that compromise both worker safety and project
outcomes. In Jigawa State, Nigeria, construction sites continue to experience recurring
injuries, particularly those associated with inadequate or inconsistent use of personal
protective equipment (PPE), manual handling operations, and struck-by accidents. These
trends indicate significant gaps between theoretical safety knowledge and the practical
enforcement of safety measures on sites. While less frequent, high-impact incidents such as falls
from heights, structural collapses, and electrocutions present catastrophic risks, underscoring
the severity dimension of safety challenges. This study aimed to investigate the influence of
accident occurrence, accident severity, and safety compliance on project performance in
building construction projects. A quantitative research design was adopted, employing
structured questionnaires administered to construction professionals, with data analysed using
regression techniques. The findings revealed that accident occurrence alone was not a
significant predictor of performance. Rather, accident severity exerted a substantial adverse
effect, undermining both worker welfare and project continuity. Conversely, safety compliance
emerged as the strongest positive determinant of performance, particularly systemic measures
such as effective accident reporting, emergency planning, and managerial enforcement. The
study concludes that project performance is shaped less by the frequency of accidents and more
by their severity and the degree of safety compliance. It recommends strict enforcement of PPE
use, proactive risk management for high-severity hazards, transparent reporting systems,
stronger regulatory oversight, and integration of safety performance into procurement and
policy frameworks to foster sustainable construction practice.
A. Babangida· International Journal of Eng...· 0 citations
Operating heavy machinery is both physically and mentally very demanding job, which still carries significant risks, especially at excavators, even with the current regulations in place. Given that working conditions have a substantial impact on the health and safety of both employees and local inhabitants of mining industry sites, it seems imperative to enhance them. The first part of this research surveys 45 backhoe and 22 loader excavator operators’ attitudes regarding their satisfaction about health and safety at workplace and gaseous pollutants, while the second measures gaseous pollutants levels in machines operation and compares it to regulation documents. The findings of gaseous pollutants’ measurements demonstrate that, even with new machines, there are occurrences where specific working condition parameters are exceeded. Mann-Whitney tests confirmed statistically significant differences between backhoe and loader excavator working conditions regarding measured average O2, NO and CO2, average overrun of NOx and relation between maximum relative value measured of NOx and allowed value in regulation documents, because the backhoe excavators have higher values of the examined parameters. The findings also show greater satisfaction of loader excavator operators, as Mann-Whitney tests confirmed statistically significant differences regarding importance of satisfaction with working environmental conditions, the air quality in the working environment and operators’ knowledge to maintain or improve health and safety. It is evident that the workplace of loader excavator operator has lower human health and safety risk levels then backhoe excavator operator workplace. The proposal for future research is deeper analysis of causes of those differences.
Vesna Spasojević Brkić, Ivan Mihajlović, Nemanja Janev et al.· AHFE International· 0 citations
The construction industry, specifically the heavy infrastructure and underground sectors, acts as a primary catalyst for national economic development. It provides the basic physical framework for the nation while generating maximum jobs for skilled and unskilled labor in urban and rural areas. However, construction is inherently perilous, contributing to a substantial percentage of global occupational fatalities and injuries. The dynamic and constantly changing physical environments of construction sites necessitate a shift from traditional manufacturing-centric safety models. This comprehensive research paper presents an integrated framework combining Job Safety Analysis (JSA) and Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (HIRA), tailored specifically for heavy infrastructure and underground metro construction. By systematically breaking down complex activities—such as deep shaft excavation, Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) operations, scaffold erection, and heavy lifting—into fundamental job steps, this study identifies critical loss-of-control events. Quantitative risk assessment matrices are utilized to calculate Risk Priority Numbers (RPN) before and after the implementation of engineering controls, strict Permit to Work (PTW) systems, and specialized Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). The methodology evaluated 78 distinct construction stages, uncovering 847 potential loss-of-control events. The findings demonstrate a significant reduction in risk scores across all sectors, effectively transitioning 'Extreme-Intolerable' hazards to 'Low-Tolerable' limits. Ultimately, this research provides a proactive, actionable safety planning model, complete with exhaustive safety checklists and matrices, to achieve a 'zero-harm' environment in massive underground infrastructure projects
Mahavir Singh and P. S. Tathod· International Journal of Adv...· 0 citations
Accidents in excavation and slope support remain a critical issue in construction, especially in Romania, where fatality rates surpass European averages. This study examines accident causes and prevention strategies using a mixed-method approach: systematic literature review, statistical analysis (Eurostat and Romanian Labour Inspection, 2014–2023), case studies, and cost–benefit analysis. Results show 187 fatal accidents in Romania during the period, 68% of which were caused by collapses, with a severity index of 8.1, compared to the EU average of 4.7. Case studies revealed contrasting outcomes: wooden supports in a sewer project led to near-miss collapses, mechanized trench boxes in highway works ensured safe operations, and diaphragm walls with real-time monitoring prevented failures and avoided losses exceeding €1.2 million. Cost–benefit analysis confirmed all preventive measures were economically viable, with advanced monitoring reducing accidents by up to 35% and yielding the highest returns. These findings demonstrate that proactive investments in modern safety technologies are both life-saving and financially sustainable. The study highlights the importance of implementing rigorous prevention measures, including staff training, the use of personal protective equipment, continuous monitoring of the condition of embankments and strict compliance with safety regulations.
Adrian Moise, D. Gârleanu, N. Merloi et al.· Optimizing the Future: Manag...· 0 citations
Occupational safety is a critical issue in coal-fired power generation industries due to the high-risk nature of operational and maintenance activities. Preliminary observations at a power generation company identified several unsafe behaviors, including non-compliance with work permits, improper use of personal protective equipment (PPE), violations of standard operating procedures, unsafe workplace arrangements, and inappropriate behavior during hazardous activities. This study aimed to identify factors influencing Behavior-Based Safety (BBS) and determine the most significant predictors of employees’ safety behavior. A quantitative cross-sectional approach was applied, with data analyzed using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results indicated that employee attitude (p = 0.004) and the implementation of occupational health and safety (OHS) regulations (p = 0.003) had significant positive effects on safety behavior (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, safety knowledge, work motivation, PPE availability, OHS training, reward systems, and punishment mechanisms showed no significant influence on BBS (p > 0.05). These findings highlight that strengthening safety attitudes and organizational OHS implementation plays a more dominant role in improving employee safety behavior compared to knowledge-based and incentive-based interventions. The SEM model developed in this study can support safety management strategies and contribute to establishing a sustainable zero-accident culture in high-risk industries.
Aulia Aulia, P. Vitasari, R. Septiari· Energy· 0 citations
Work discipline plays a vital role in preventing accidents during coal loading and unloading activities on ships. This study aims to analyze the influence of the disciplinary system on the risk of ship-loading and unloading accidents at PT SMD in Semarang. The method used was quantitative research with a cross-sectional survey design. Given that the total population of truck drivers at PT SMD was exactly 55, we employed total population sampling, examining all available workers. Data collection used a Likert scale questionnaire. Statistical tests included validity, reliability, normality (One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov), and simple linear regression. All 10 items of the discipline instrument were declared valid (r > 0.3) with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.927 (very high). Of the 10 items of the loading and unloading instrument, 9 were valid and had a reliability of 0.874 (high). The normality test showed Asymp. Sig. = 0.200 (> 0.05), meeting the assumption of a normal distribution. The ANOVA test results showed Sig. = 0.000 (< 0.05), indicating the regression model is significant. The discipline system significantly influences the risk of ship loading and unloading accidents; the higher the level of worker discipline, the lower the risk of such accidents.
A. Pramana, M. Fauji, Sahrul Sahrul· Jurnal Kesehatan Komunitas I...· 0 citations