TRANSLATION FEATURES OF RELIGIOUS REALIAS IN ABISH KEKILBAYEV’S NOVEL «END OF THE LEGEND» INTO RUSSIAN AND ENGLISH

Realia of Russian Culture in Tolstoy’s Anna Karenina and their Translation

This article explores the translation of Russian cultural realia in Leo Tolstoy’s "Anna Karenina"and their interpretation in English versions. The study focuses on four major categories of cultural realia: everyday life, social hierarchy, religious practices, and symbolic elements. The central problem lies in the fact that translating such realia goes beyond lexical substitution and becomes an act of intercultural communication, where the translator’s choices determine whether the national identity is preserved or lost. The aim of the research is to identify the specific strategies used by Constance Garnett (1901) and Richard Pevear and Larissa Volokhonsky (2004) in rendering cultural realia, and to assess how adaptation versus preservation influences the perception of the novel in the English-speaking world. The analysis reveals that Garnett employed domestication, replacing Russian realia with familiar analogues (tea-urn, count, christening), which facilitated comprehension but reduced authenticity. In contrast, Pevear and Volokhonsky retained original terms (samovar, graf, moleben, troika), creating a sense of foreignness while preserving cultural specificity. The findings confirm Vlakhov and Florin’s thesis that the translation of realia is a “test for the translator.” The choice between adaptation and preservation directly shapes the image of Russia in the minds of foreign readers. Thus, the translation of cultural realia in Anna Karenina functions not merely as a literary task but as a medium of intercultural dialogue, influencing the transmission of national identity across linguistic boundaries.

Shamanistic Religious Narratives in English Translation: A Study of Evenki Shamanic Elements in Bruce Humes’s Translation of The Last Quarter of the Moon

The Last Quarter of the Moon is a classic work of contemporary Chinese ethnic minority literature. It chronicles the century-long migration history of the Evenki hunting tribe and richly incorporates the religious narratives of Evenki shamanism. Its English translation has gained wide recognition overseas; however, current research lacks a specialized investigation into how these shamanistic religious narratives have been rendered in English. The present study focuses on Humes’s English translation of The Last Quarter of the Moon. Through comparative textual analysis, it examines the translator’s strategies from three dimensions: deity names, sacrificial rituals, and cosmology. The findings show that Humes adopted different translation strategies depending on the type of religious elements. For shamanistic deity names, he combined transliteration with annotation or literal translation to preserve local cultural symbols. For ritual and religious object descriptions, he used cultural addition and semantic explicitation to address overseas readers’ cognitive gaps. For metaphors that embody Evenki shamanistic cosmology and views of life and death, he avoided assimilating them into western religious imagery, retaining the original metaphorical expressions. Taken together, these strategies balance cultural authenticity with reader acceptability, accurately conveying the essence of Evenki shamanism while offering a reference for translating ethnic religious literature into English.

ENGLISH–UZBEK TRANSLATION PROBLEMS OF MODERNIST PROSE: A STUDY OF VIRGINIA WOOLF'S WORKS

This article examines the linguistic and stylistic challenges encountered in translating modernist prose from English into Uzbek, with particular reference to Virginia Woolf’s modernist novels Mrs Dalloway and To the Lighthouse. The study analyzes the difficulties involved in rendering the author’s stream of consciousness technique, complex syntactic structures, symbolic imagery, individual writing style, and culture-specific elements in the translation process. Furthermore, it provides a scholarly discussion of effective translation strategies aimed at preserving the aesthetic value of the literary text, the author’s distinctive style, and its pragmatic effect. The findings contribute to the advancement of the theory and practice of literary translation between English and Uzbek and support the development of principles for the adequate translation of modernist literary works.

LANGUAGE: TABOOS AND EUPHEMIZATION OF THE CONCEPT OF “WOMAN” IN ENGLISH, RUSSIAN AND KAZAKH LINGUISTIC CULTURES

An Overview of the Early Journey of Azerbaijani Traditional Poetry into English Translations

This paper explores the role of translation in shaping intercultural understanding and the transmission of literary heritage, focusing specifically on the translation of Azerbaijani classical poetry into English. Drawing on key theoretical perspectives in translation studies and historical examples of literary transmission, the study situates Azerbaijani literature within a global context. It traces early encounters with Azerbaijani poets such as Seyyid Imadaddin Nasimi and highlights the contributions of Orientalist scholars in bringing figures like Nizami Ganjavi, Muhammad Fuzuli, and Gazi Burhaneddin to the attention of English-speaking audiences. The paper discusses the challenges posed by the multilingual character of Azerbaijani literary production, especially the use of Arabic and Persian, and debates around the representativeness of translated works. Through a selective analysis of key translations and scholarly efforts, the article underscores the pivotal role of translation in elevating Azerbaijani literary aesthetics and calls for further research to ensure a more comprehensive global appreciation of its cultural and poetic legacy.

LINGUACULTURAL ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH TRANSLATIONS OF CHILDREN'S SONGS BY BARPY ALYKULOV

This article provides a linguacultural analysis of English translations of children's songs by Kyrgyz national poet Barpy Alykulov. The primary goal of the article is to identify the specifics of translating cultural and national traits, poetic imagery, and semiotic meanings of the original texts into English. The article examines the linguistic structure, rhythm, rhyme, imagery, and symbolism of children's folk songs using a comparative analysis method. The study employs comparative typological and linguacultural methods, comprehensively exploring the realities, symbols, and national character of the texts. Specifically, it analyzes the strategies used by translators when translating concepts related to Kyrgyz culture into English (e.g., nomadic lifestyle, attitude toward nature, traditional imagery) — adaptation, explanation, and semantic transformation. It is demonstrated that taking linguistic and cultural factors into account when translating children's poems is essential and that these factors directly influence the perception of the text. The results revealed that in some cases, the cultural meaning of the original is not fully preserved, and preference is given to functional equivalence. This phenomenon is observed, especially in the context of ensuring comprehensibility for children. It is also noted that preserving poetic form (coherence and rhythm) often conflicts with the accuracy of the content. The article argues that considering linguistic and cultural factors is one of the key conditions for improving the quality of literary translation. The results of the study contribute to the improvement of the practice of translating Kyrgyz children's poetry into English and the development of translation theory. The results of the study are recommended for use in the theory and practice of literary translation.