INS-ActBench: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Assessing Professional Actuarial Capability of Large Language Models
TL;DR
ins-ActBench provides a reproducible foundation for developing actuarial LLMs toward reliable professional assistance and reveals a clear capability boundary: frontier LLMs perform strongly on standardized knowledge, but remain much weaker in case reasoning, tool-based workflows, and jurisdiction-sensitive practice.
Abstract
Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown strong potential in financial reasoning, but existing benchmarks often evaluate domain knowledge, numerical reasoning, long-context understanding, and tool use in separate settings. This limits their ability to assess realistic professional workflows that require auditable, context-grounded, and tool-executable decisions. We introduce \textbf{INS-ActBench}, a comprehensive benchmark for evaluating professional actuarial capability in LLMs. INS-ActBench contains 12,050 Q\&A pairs from public exams and sample questions released by 16 actuarial associations. It covers three subsets: \textbf{INS-Act-Know} for standardized actuarial knowledge, \textbf{INS-Act-Case} for long-context insurance case reasoning, and \textbf{INS-Act-Practice} for spreadsheet and R-code tasks with verifiable numerical outputs. Experiments on nine representative LLMs and human actuarial experts reveal a clear capability boundary: frontier LLMs perform strongly on standardized knowledge, but remain much weaker in case reasoning, tool-based workflows, and jurisdiction-sensitive practice. INS-ActBench provides a reproducible foundation for developing actuarial LLMs toward reliable professional assistance. The code is available at https://github.com/FDU-INS/INS-ActBench.